The Effects Of Sex Industry On South Africa s Human...

Commoditizing sex is not a novel concept, it has been around for much of our history, and yet there is much more talk of the sex industry in modern society than it has been in the past. Part of the reason for this has been the oversexualization of Hollywood and the belief that fame is a commodity. Even fleeting fame is idolized, and people ignore the means of achieving fame at the prospect of earning those alluring so-called â€Å"fifteen minutes of fame†. The film Hot Girls Wanted exemplifies this concept. Both this film and Don’t Shout Too Loud display the dark side of the business; the two films to varying degrees. The latter film explored human trafficking as an institution and focused more specifically on the impact the World Cup made on South Africa’s human trafficking problem. Each film impacted my personal understanding of the sex industry. Discussion of the sex industry contemporaneously takes a much more casual tone than in years past. The combinatio n of this relaxed attitude with outright statements defending their involvement in the sex industry as liberating and voluntary led me to extrapolate that as a whole, this was an industry of progress which was on the rise. I believed that consent was universal in this business and never particularly found need to question why or under what circumstances people became involved in that trade. After watching Hot Girls Wanted, and especially Don’t Shout Too Loud, I learned that my belief was fundamentally incorrect. EveryShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Essay793 Words   |  4 Pages02, 2010, 147 years after slavery was abolished, here in the good old USA. Slavery is still in effect; sure the Underground Railroad is gone. This situation is unfortunately far worse – yet many people are unaware of it. Why? The government is paying little attention. With over 17,500 people involved or affected by modern-day slavery here in the US (Silver 6). With a record breaker of 43% the sex industry is on top of the chart (Quoted by Galuszka 1). Our government should be making more effort. WithRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States And Other Countries2192 Words   |  9 PagesSlavery is a type of human servitude, in which individuals were compelled to take after the requests of whoever possesses them. Human trafficking denies individuals of their human rights, and is a worldwide well-being danger. Human trafficking energizes the development of sorted out wrongdoing. At the same time the effect of human trafficking goes past individual exploited people; it undermines the security and security of all countries it touches. Despite the fact that it was canceled in the nineteenthRead MoreThe Problem Of Sex Abuse Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesShe was a sex worker and a mother of one. A recent law enforcement crackdown targeting sex workers led Mariana to work alone that night, rather than as usual with other women, to avoid arrest. 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Socially theRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Form Of Modern Day Slavery2259 Words   |  10 PagesMax Liu Mrs. D English 3 5/9/2016 Issue on Human Trafficking Stott and Ramey stated in their journal: â€Å"Human Trafficking described as a form of modern-day slavery, human trafficking tremendously violates the rights of its victims. Human trafficking is quickly becoming one of the fastest-growing business of organized crime. Bales and Lize explained that human trafficking is a means by which people are brought into as well as maintained in, slavery and forced labor. It is an actual processRead MoreThe Human Rights Crisis Of Girl Sex Trafficking3460 Words   |  14 Pagesdoing a research on Friends of Maiti Nepal, an official US representative of Maiti Nepal. Maiti Nepal is an organization founded by Anuradha Koirala. Friends of Maiti Nepal is a non-profit organization dedicated to addressing the human rights crisis of girl sex-trafficking by supporting Maiti Nepal in its work of prevention, interception, rescue and rehabilitation of victims; and criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Recent studies show that about 20,000 girls are trafficked every year in Nepal. MostRead MoreA Research On Friends Of Maiti Nepal2154 Words   |  9 Pagesdoing a research on Friends of Maiti Nepal, an official US representative of Maiti Nepal. Maiti Nepal is an organization founded by Anuradha Koirala. Friends of Maiti Nepal is a non-profit organization dedicated to addressing the human rights crisis of girl sex-trafficking by supporting Maiti Nepal in its work of prevention, interception, rescue and rehabilitation of victims; and criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Recent studies show that about 20,000 girls are trafficked every year in Nepal. MostRead More Human Trafficking and the International Sex Industry Essay3304 Words   |  14 PagesHuman Trafficking and the International Sex Industry Human trafficking refers to the movement of persons across borders for forced labor, sexual exploitation or other illicit activities. Sex trafficking is the most lucrative sector of human trafficking America, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Eastern Europe, and Russia. The global political economy, political corruption, human rights, gender and ethnic stratification, and migration are all related to human trafficking. In many developing countriesRead MoreHuman Trafficking2466 Words   |  10 PagesCombating Human Trafficking Over the past several years, human trafficking has become a sizable world-wide problem. Human Trafficking has had a considerable affect on the World and United States. To combat this, several laws and initiatives have been enacted. While this allows for some headway in combating this problem, there are still several things that we can do to help. This review of literature on Human Trafficking focuses on these areas and provides the information on the steps thatRead MoreThe Unspoken Captivity : Retrospectives On Human Trafficking3262 Words   |  14 PagesCaptivity: Retrospectives on Human Trafficking Brandon Howell, Kyounga McElroy, Susan Pawlak, Barbara Gardner Davenport University â€Æ' The Unspoken Captivity: Retrospectives on Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a method of modern day slavery which entails the illegal trade of persons for sexual exploitation or forced labor. Each year thousands of men, women and children are victims of this suppression. Countless countries including the United States are affected by trafficking. Habitually, traffickers

Andrew Free Essays

Andrew Springiness Module 1 CSS: Information Networking as Technology: Tools, Uses, and Socio- Technical Interactions DIMMIT: Management of Information Systems and Business Strategy Dry. Mary Lind June 17, 2014 Information Overload â€Å"Are organizations likely to find better solutions to information overload through changes to their technical systems or their social systems or both? Why? To answer this question, this paper will discuss the technical and social systems of companies specifically based on review of the articles by Blair, Belling, et al, Green, ND Lie and Ere as well as other information on related data companies such as Amazon and ASS. The context of the paper will aide in the understanding of an ideal way to process the information present in the market and then use it for company benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrew or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will also review and analyze the importance of info-tsunami in context of specific markers and give specific examples on how data storage and analysis is now the latest trend in the market. Various big data software present in the market and comment on the future trends of the market will be reviewed. Finally, I will propose an answer to the original question posed of what betterment is most important in dealing with information overload social systems, technological systems, or both? History of Data Mining/Sharing In order to truly understand information overload and how to deal with it, we must start by analyzing various aspects of data starting from its history through the current and probable future trends of the market. Today there are zillions of pieces of data in the market growing for over 30% per year bases (Blair, 2010). The roots of the big data come from ancient days when people used to huge manuscripts and biblical resources to pass on the knowledge of present generation to the next one. They not only documented information, but also backed up or made it easier to share that information by creating duplicates of the original work. People with different philosophies discussed the same issues with a different context and vision to give alternate versions of the existing issues. However, this increase in the amount of information collected led to what may have appeared to be an insurmountable collection that could not be fully read in an acceptable amount of time or never being blew to find specific information, which could be described as an information overload (Blair, 2010). People would have too much information to sift through to find what they needed, which would need to lead to an evolution in that form of data storage such as different note-taking capabilities as well as organization (Blair, 2010). Note- taking capabilities enabled the researchers to organize the structure of different ancient texts and later on printing evolved the structure of writing as indexes and bibliographies became norm for the research papers, which helped people to find he specific information they were looking for or the source of more information. Encyclopedias were created to serve as a set of easily accessible and searchable information on a broad amount of topics. Also, the advent of the Dewey Decimal System meant that a lot of general information could be found in a short amount of time. The Dewey Decimal Classification initially sorts information into 10 categories, and then into another 100 sub-categories, giving you 1, 000 specific categories to search (University Library, n. D. ). For example, you could search the ass’s for Technology or Applied Sciences categories and find sub-category (also known as a â€Å"call number†) 621 and search specifically for Applied Physics (University Library, n. D. ). All of these things lead to less of a feeling of information overload as people did not need to spend a lifetime searching for the data that they needed. However, personal collection of information would take up large amounts of space. Fast forward time a millennia or two and you have the advent of electronic media, which meant that a galore of information could be stored in a much smaller space. This educed limits of how much information people and organizations could collect. People and organizations could now store a large amount of information onto cassettes, disks, diskettes, compact discs, etc. Rather than in hundreds or thousands of books or written documents. Today, we can carry a flash drive with a program to read electronic books as well as hundreds or thousands of electronic books that is the size off pack of chewing gum. In addition to the space, the information itself was now only a touch away. People no longer needed to use indexes or bibliographies as they could sears for keywords and a computer would help to find he information they were looking for. Computer systems can search through programs, documents, or the world wide web and find information that people are looking for in milliseconds. However, there is now also a feeling that maybe there is too much information accessible through the internet nowadays. We are at a point where there is what appears to be an insurmountable pile of information available on the internet, even when computer systems help us sift through the information. Companies may again have to sift through a lot of minutia in order to get the specific information they need. In another point of view, there were initial concerns regarding the electronic system of storage. There have been many instances where digital data has been hacked or accessed without the consent of the original writer in order to change the information or utilize it for other purposes than it was originally intended. There is also the possibility of data redundancy and the fear of data getting lost of due hardware complications. However, with the advent of more and more advance technologies in data storage and sharing electronic storage, there are greater security and back-up procedures added to hardware and software. This leads to the it is the only feasible medium conceivable in the future. Data Analysis To help understand information overload, data analysis must be defined. According to Russell Kickoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories: data, information, knowledge, understanding, and wisdom (Belling, Castro, Mills, 2004). According to Belling, et al (2004), the data can be described as symbols; information is â€Å"data that can be processed to be useful† and provides answers to four of the five Was (who, hat, where, and when); knowledge is â€Å"the application of data and information† and answers the question of how; understanding gives an â€Å"appreciation of the question of why’; and wisdom is an elevated level of â€Å"evaluated understanding. † Data is seen as a raw entity which, for the proposes of this research paper, only exists either in digital or in ink. The significance of data is to be present in any accessible format to the user. Information is the processed data and it is specific to any context to the user. Knowledge is the output gained from that information, essentially by realizing tatters formed by information. Although ultimately wisdom will help with future operations, industry is primarily concerned regarding retrieving knowledge, as this parameter is a tool which is used by the company to either make direct or indirect revenues. Knowledge is the basic building block of data analysis that can be gained directly from computer software. Companies such as MM, Accentuate and other consulting companies are focus teams to exploit knowledge as a parameter to give specific insights for industries and sectors. Understanding is one step ahead of knowledge in which problems are solved in a specific context. Understanding is the point which the reason for the patterns discerned from knowledge can be understood. It is involved in selecting the required information and processing it to provide the best solutions for a specific problem or multiple problems. Getting to the understanding phase is difficult with such a superfluous amount of data available to companies. In modern era this process is called Data Analytics or Just Analytics. This is slightly different according to Green (2010) who refers to only four sections of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The first three sections namely data, information, and knowledge are concepts of past data, but wisdom is a future analysis and vision concept. It develops our internal experience which helps in our future decision making. Wisdom is very similar to understanding, with the main difference being that wisdom allows one to predict fracture outcomes based on understanding the reasons behind specific patterns and how changes will affect behaviors of related processes. The first four sections can be represented in a hierarchy and the level of complexity will increase downwards from data to wisdom. In addition, the amount of effort and technological resources used will decrease from top to bottom as you require maximum resources to build and maintain data. The advance methods of data capturing tools have been efficient in blurring the lines between information and knowledge as companies are becoming efficient in data analysis. Socio-Technical System According to Lie and Ere (2006), â€Å"the Socio-Technical Systems theory considers that every organization is made up of people (the social system) using tools, techniques and knowledge (the technical system) to produce goods and services that are valued y customers (who are part of the organization’s external environment). Essentially, this can be described as the interaction between personnel in an organization, or people in general, with that of technology. People and employees have certain behaviors that may need to be modified along with technology in order to create an optimized process or improve quality of fife. The Socio-Technical Systems theory also considers the usage of social information and incorporates it into the development of technology to make it more relevant an d desired. Amazon’s Analytics Concept Data analysis has now become a latest trend in the market. Amazon. Com has become a leader in promoting the analytics-as-a-service concept. They are approaching this as a cloud-enabled business model and not Just an innovation in the industry. It is a great model and will provide as an alternative having better architectural patterns to Justify business priorities. Amazon aims at firms dealing with large amount of data and need flexible infrastructure. Targeted domains in web analytics include gene sequencing, cyber- security, human resource workforce and others. The challenge is to bind data and draw insights without building complex entities and spending years in restoring those entities. Predicting entities infrastructure is yet emerging and the case is not trivial for Amazon. The model is to give forecast estimations to the companies using their own data which stored with Amazon cloud computing servers. Additionally, Amazon uses data analysis to evaluate data on historical purchases and â€Å"wish-lists† to predict the amount of specific products that will be ordered and need to be shipped to certain locations (Devils, 2014). Amazon can then pre-ship items to hubs in bulk shipments prior to people ordering, which saves in future costs and enables faster shipping services (Devils, 2014). Role of Advance Technology in Data Analysis and Future Trends Technology plays a crucial role for big data analysis as it enables the forecasters to apply the data onto the model and get significant results. With tests such as the Durbin Watson Test, white noise is a small statistical test but needed to implement on all of the data to identify the required useful parameters. There are trillions of megabytes worth of data in companies. So, how are results found using simple tools such as excel which, according to Microsoft Office (n. D. ), has a limitation of â€Å"1 ,048,576 rows by 16,384 columns? † Dedicated servers and software’s are built and designed specifically for these kinds of requirements. The open source language R is specially built for statistical operations, to extract and interpolate data and can run on multiple operating systems (Wirtschaftuniversitat Wine, n. D. ). A lot of additional software has also come along the way. Some of these include SAPS, ASS, Maintain, Stats, Jump, Mathematical and others. All have their pros and cons but ASS and SAPS are considered two of industry favorites (Munched, 2014). Another technology which is on the rise is Apache Hoodoo. Hoodoo is designed to create a partition in the virtual memory and allows different users to implement the same function on large databases to give the results (The Apache Software Foundation, 2014). It is more of a server application and can be combined and other technologies to get optimum results. To solve the memory problem these days, companies are shifting to cloud computing as an alternative. Cloud computing is where all the data is saved n the dedicated servers of a third party vendor and not with the company itself. Whenever the data is required it is processed from those servers and for each transaction a certain sum is paid by the company to the third party. Although cloud computing isn’t 100% effective all of the time either as several companies have found out in the past decade according to Dan Mariner’s (2013). In the next five years, a trend of adaptation of analytics in more and more countries and in different domains can easily be predicted. As of now, pharmaceutical industry has endorsed use of clinical trails led by analytics. Also, the concept of â€Å"Moneybags† has been in used in baseball for several years now. Additionally, credit risk has been managed by these same analytical financial models. All signs for the rising demand of analytics in future. Software’s like ASS, Hoodoo are here to stay and we will see more data managing software been introduced in the industry. Analytics will act as a backbone of E-commerce industry driving their profits and market share. In the future, big data analysis will not Just be a tool to gain competitive edge but will become a necessity for the survival of the company in highly competitive market. In marry, information and its quest have been long running from the past. Companies are inclined to use as much information possible to enhance their productivity and achieve competitive level in the ever evolving market. The trends of the market suggests that companies are more inclined to use technology and data mining software and there dependency has been shifting from senior officials to software inputs. Still the importance of experience cannot be neglected and companies must make a balance between the two to achieve high growth rates. I believe the priority will focus on improvement of the technical system; however, any many that refuses to look at the importance of the social system will continuously see high turnover rates. References Blair, A. (2010) Information Overload, Then and Now. How to cite Andrew, Papers

Domestic Violence In America Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Domestic Violence In America Essay, Research Paper Domestic Violence in America Domestic maltreatment in the United States is a large-scale and complex societal and wellness job. The household is possibly the most violent group, with the place being the most violent American establishment or puting today ( Lay, 1994 ) . Sadly plenty, the bulk of people who are murdered are non likely killed by a alien during a hold-up or similar offense but are killed by person they know. Not surprisingly, the Center for Disease Control and bar has identified interpersonal force as a major public wellness job ( Velson-Friedrich, 1994 ) . Current estimations suggest that three to four million adult females are the victims of physical maltreatment by their intimate spouses ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the FBI, some signifier of domestic force occurs in half of the places in the United States at least one time a twelvemonth ( Dickstein, 1988 ) . In world one out of every six marriages the married woman is physically abused. Every 15 seconds a adult females is battered in the United States. Daily, four American adult females lose their lives to their hubbies or fellows, bing more than tierce of all female homicide victims ( WAC, 1994 ) . These Numberss report that excessively much force is directed toward adult females. Historically, domestic force has been a downplayed and, frequently, culturally condoned, American tradition. In the colonial period, Torahs derived from English common-law permitted a adult male to crush his married woman when she acted in a mode that he believed to be inappropriate. For illustration, the alleged # 8220 ; Rule of Thumb # 8221 ; jurisprudence, which permitted a hubby to crush his married woman with a stick that could be no larger than the perimeter of his pollex, was in consequence until the terminal of the 19th century ( Dickstein, 1988 ) . The issue of domestic force, particularly married woman maltreatment, foremost gained national attending in 1974 with the publication of Scream Quietly or the Neighbors Will Hear by Erin Pizzey, the laminitis of Chiswick # 8217 ; s Women # 8217 ; s Aid, a shelter in England for beat-up adult females. Pizzey # 8217 ; s work helped to excite feminist concern and indignation over married woman whipping, verbal maltreatment, fiscal limitations and societal isolation of adult females by their hubbies ( Utech, 1994 ) . Shortly thenceforth, the adult females # 8217 ; s release motion, through the National Organization for Women ( NOW ) , advocated for the terminal of force against adult females and sought improved societal services for beat-up married womans. NOW besides was actively engaged in advancing shelter places and buttonholing congressional leaders for statute law that would ensue in better intervention and protection of adult females # 8217 ; s wellness and wellbeing ( Utech, 1994 ) . The medical profession was greatly affected by the protagonism of the adult females # 8217 ; s release motion and has, in recent old ages, attempted to battle this societal ailment both by itself and in coordination with the legal and societal service professions. For illustration, get downing in 1992, the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, required that all commissioned infirmaries implement policies and processs for placing, handling and mentioning victims of maltreatment ( Mason, 1993 ) . This included in-service preparation plans for staff members of their exigency sections and ambulatory attention installations ( Mason, 1993 ) . In 1994, 83 organisations, including the American Nurses # 8217 ; Association and the American Bar Association, met to place spreads and barriers between the wellness attention bringing and condemnable justness systems in covering with household force instances. Among their recommendations were the undermentioned: a mec hanism for community professional coordination in appraisal to maximise household safety ; the creative activity of community-based household force coordination councils ; and the demand to set up, in every community, a comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and accessible intercession system for household force that links wellness, justness, mental wellness, societal service, and educational systems ( Stanley, 1994 ) . In add-on, the American Medical Association ( AMA ) published guidelines for Health attention professionals to utilize in placing domestic force victims. Violent households are easy to depict but hard to explicate. Research on household maltreatment has, on a consistent footing, found that the phenomenon is associated with intergenerational transmittal, low socioeconomic position, societal and structural emphasis, societal isolation, and personality jobs or abnormal psychology ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . Traditional theories on the causes of domestic maltreatment focal point on such factors as people # 8217 ; s single features and life experiences, including the presence of jobs such as societal and structural emphasis, societal disaffection, unemployment, poorness, substance maltreatment, past kid maltreatment, personality upsets, abnormal psychology, and depression ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . However, theories centered on these variables fail to explicate why the bulk of the population that does non see domestic maltreatment, whether as a victim or a culprit, are non affected by these variables. Additionally, research has demonstrated the riddance of personal jobs, such as the 1s listed supra, does non lend to stoping domestic maltreatment in a relationship. Nevertheless, for the intent of bordering peculiar surveies of domestic maltreatment, these theoretical attacks are still of import. Due to each theory # 8217 ; s failing, it is of import for research workers to follow a theoreticall y holistic attack. The fact that each instance of domestic maltreatment is slightly different signifier another calls for utilizing a assortment of theoretical orientations to better analyze the nature and extent of this pressure job. While domestic maltreatment can be studied through # 8220 ; mental lenses # 8221 ; that are psychological or sociological in nature, it is of import besides to analyze this issue from a medical/public wellness position. While many theories have been proposed to explicate the causes of household maltreatment, one of the most utile has been the societal acquisition theory. Bandura ( 1977 ) proposed that larning be composed of both a mold constituent and # 8220 ; mutual influence # 8221 ; . The latter suggests that we can determine our hereafters by act uponing our environments. In explicating how societal acquisition theory explains household maltreatment, O # 8217 ; Leary ( 1988 ) analyzed the effects of patterning on behaviour, the function of emphasis, the usage of intoxicant, the presence of relationship dissatisfaction, and aggression as a personality manner ( cited of Yegidis, 1992 ) . Modeling involves the observation by the kid of physical aggression by the parents or the direct experience of holding been physically abused. In a survey of married woman maltreatment and matrimonial colza, it was found that sing parental force was every bit of import in making a future form of maltreatment as the direct experience of kid maltreatment itself. Modeling, hence, increases the likeliness that one will utilize force in order to manage interpersonal troubles ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . Extensive literature exists on the relationship between emphasis, defeat, and aggression. Stress entirely does non do force, but it may be a stimulation that serves to elicit some persons. Overall, maltreaters by and large tend to possess an aggressive personality manner. Consequently, people possessing this trait are more likely to acquire angry than others and may really acquire angrier more frequently than others. Research suggests that there may be two of import facets to the relationship between household maltreatment and intoxicant. Very frequently, the opprobrious behaviour of the culprit is permitted and excused by the victim because the culprit was under the influence of intoxicant. On the other manus, intoxicant usage by victims leads to a numbing consequence every bit good as feelings of impotence. Domestic maltreatment typically follows a # 8220 ; rhythm of force # 8221 ; form. There are three stages in the rhythm of force: tension-building, acute banging and the honeymoon stage. During the tension-building stage, the batterer becomes progressively dark, hostile and critical of his spouse. Minor buffeting incidents may happen. During the acute banging stage, the batterer is likely to assail the victim. Major assault of the victim, physically and psychologically, normally distinguishes the ague buffeting incident from the minor banging incidents that may happen during the tension-building stage. Shortly after the ague buffeting stage is the honeymoon stage. The batterer may apologise, implore forgiveness, or assure that the violent behaviour will neer go on once more. An estimated three to four million adult females yearly in the United States are the victims of physical maltreatment by their intimate spouses ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the Uniform Crime Report ( UCR ) of the FBI, a hubby or boyfriend slayings 30 per centum of adult females killed in the United States. In add-on, force is the 2nd prima cause of hurts to adult females ages 15 through 44 old ages of age ( Velsor-Friedrich, 1994 ) . Most attackers will frequently impute their opprobrious behaviour to external causes, while victims attribute the maltreatment to internal factors within themselves or situational factors about the maltreater ( e.g. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s merely because he has been imbibing # 8221 ; ) . The frequent happening of victim self-blame is reinforced by societal attitudes which are responsible for frequently faulting the adult female for motivating the maltreatment or non go forthing her maltreater ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . There are legion replies to the normally asked inquiry of why a adult female would remain in an opprobrious relationship. For many adult females, no other beginnings of fiscal support or lodging exist. The duty of child care further complicates the job. The most serious ground for concern is the fright of requital by the maltreater. Batterers often threaten to kill the adult female or other household members if they tell anyone that they are being beaten. Despite the maltreatment, a adult female may still love her spouse and, cons equently, will lie to protect him. Many victims possess low self-prides caused by perennial maltreatment, both physical and emotional, and believe that they don’t merit aid. Finally, the pure fact of being embarrassed or ashamed may be sufficient ground for the victim to remain. The term domestic force against work forces causes many Americans to respond with incredulity. Abused hubbies are a frequent subject for gags. Family maltreatment is straight linked to position in the household and socialisation. There are many serious effects of society # 8217 ; s reluctance to see the potency for domestic maltreatment by female. In our society, a big figure of misss are told to slap a male child if he gets # 8220 ; fresh # 8221 ; . Movies and telecasting plans display scenes of adult females pluging and slapping work forces with complete impunity, while the spectator normally reacts with support for the adult females # 8217 ; s character. While a smack is normally a harmless act, it is of import to see that a smack is still a violent act. A common inquiry exists when analyzing domestic maltreatment against work forces: if work forces are normally bigger and stronger than adult females, so why Don # 8217 ; T they try to protect themselves: It is of import to look at this issue from a kid development point of view. At the same clip that misss are being taught that it is acceptable to slap a male child, male childs are being told to neer hit a miss. The figure of instances and the badness and form of the force used against the victims are the major factors distinguishing work forces # 8217 ; s force against adult females from the force of adult females against work forces. The civil protection order and the condemnable tribunal procedure are effectual tools for protecting about all heterosexual male victims because adult females seldom attempt # 8220 ; separation force, # 8221 ; the force that consequences as the victim efforts to go forth the maltreater ( Pence A ; Paymar, 1995 ) . Why do work forces remain? Although they may non be victimized if they leave their partner, there are many grounds why abused work forces stay in their violent places. Abused work forces, like abused adult females, fear that if they leave their partner, the maltreatment that they have encountered may be directed against their kids. Additionally, many work forces are hesitating to go forth since adult females get physical detention of kids in a big bulk of divorce instances. They may besides fear that the tribunals will restrict kids trial and entree. Deciding to go forth an opprobrious relationship is merely one portion of the job for an abused male. Another portion is taking where to travel since really few shelters exist for them to happen safety. A assortment of plans exist to assist opprobrious work forces control their force more efficaciously, nevertheless, happening comparable plans that exists for violent adult females is an utmost challenge. Resources and installations that deal with battling domestic force are scarce due to the limited support of societal services. Therefore, it has been suggested that some adult females # 8217 ; s groups are fearful that the little sum of financess that exist for helping abused adult females may be farther lessened if the American populace recognizes that work forces are besides abuse victims. Acknowledging work forces # 8217 ; s victimization does non intend that we must deny that adult females are victims. In fact, groups and bureaus that assist abused adult females could besides w iden their services to help battered work forces and frailty versa. The wellness attention system can play an of import function as an intercession point. As alterations take topographic point in the mode by which wellness attention is delivered, wellness service research workers have begun to analyze ways of making out to persons who require particular attending or attention, that are unable to obtain it. This attack has besides been applied to domestic maltreatment victim wellness services. With the figure of hurts hat domestic maltreatment causes yearly, the wellness attention system has begun to see itself as an of import nexus in assisting ht victims. The wellness attention profession is in a place to place abused victims, administer the proper attention they require, and mention them to necessary societal services. Unfortunately, legion articles report that many wellness attention professionals do non execute these services for beat-up adult females, particularly in the exigency room. Using ethnographic techniques, Sugg and Inue ( 1992 ) concluded that doctors who explored for domestic maltreatment in the wellness attention puting felt the process to be similar to # 8220 ; opening Pandora # 8217 ; s package # 8221 ; , in fact, 18 per centum of the doctors interviewed used that existent phrase. The doctors take parting in this survey ( the bulk of whom were household pattern specializers ) reported such jobs as deficiency of comfort in covering with the issue, fright of piquing the patient, a sense of impotence, loss of control, and clip restraints, all of which constitute barriers to domestic maltreatment acknowledgment and intercession in instances of domestic maltreatment seen in the primary attention puting ( Sugg and Inue, 1992 ) . Analyzing research that investigates wellness professionals # 8217 ; position of domestic maltreatment helps to corroborate the startling world that exists for victims seeking aid. Sadly plenty, as terrible a wellness menace domestic maltreatment airss to adult females, many victims have been, or are presently, misidentified or met with apathy by wellness attention professionals. This phenomenon is due to many factors, the most common of which includes unequal preparation ( many preparation plans do non even discourse domestic maltreatment ) and tendencies toward feelings of # 8220 ; victim faulting # 8221 ; . Many wellness attention professionals adopt the stance that domestic maltreatment is a job that falls outside the spectrum of their occupation description. These professionals view the political orientation of the household as a private sphere and believe troubles inside the place can and should be settled by the household member themselves ( Davison A ; Couns, 1997 ) . Appraisal of maltreatment, whether in female or male, requires a high grade of intuition during the appraisal of the patient. Sadly plenty, doctors fail to ever acknowledge and/or acknowledge the beginning of perennial hurts. One survey found that 35 per centum of female exigency room patients are treated for symptoms related to ongoing maltreatment, but merely about 5 per centum of the adult females are identified as victims of domestic maltreatment ( Bowers, 1994 ) . In 1992, the American Medical Association published Treatment Guidelines on Domestic Violence. Aside from appraisal, suggestions for the doctor to follow in the interview of the victim are mentioned as good. These include: Physicians must inquire direct, specific inquiries to find the happening or extent of maltreatment since many adult females do non recognized that they are battered ; See the possibility of assault when a victim # 8217 ; s account of an hurt does non look plausible, or when the victim has delayed me dical intervention ; The patient may look frightened or nervous or exhibit stress-related symptoms in add-on to physical hurt ; Keeping a complete and elaborate description of the event, in the victim # 8217 ; s ain words if possible and of ensuing hurts, including exposure if applicable ; Being aware that the badness of current or past hurt is non an accurate forecaster of future force, the patients safety should be discussed before go forthing the doctor # 8217 ; s office or intervention centre ; Being aware of local resources to do appropriate referrals ; A doctor who treats a victim and does non ask about domestic maltreatment or accepts an improbable account for the hurt could be held apt if the victim returns to the maltreater and is injure once more ( American Medical Association, 1992 ) . Aside from medical and psychiatric intervention for hurts, possible victims of maltreatment can be given information and guidance form the wellness attention supplier in order to forestall farther victimization episodes. Patients can be informed about the hazard factors involved that would increase the opportunities of serious injury to them. Psychological guidance, administered by either the primary attention supplier or a mental wellness professional, can help the patient in stoping personal relationships with opprobrious persons. Additionally, the patient can be provided with telephone Numberss and encouraged to reach bing community resources such as crisis centres, shelters, protective service bureaus, or the constabulary section if there is fright of hurt ( # 8220 ; Guide to Clinical Preventive Screening, # 8221 ; 1995 ) . It # 8217 ; s astonishing to me that of all offenses in today # 8217 ; s society ; domestic force is the 1 that is still on the rise. It is clip to take domestic force earnestly and battle it sharply. In order for # 8220 ; positive alteration # 8221 ; to happen, our legal system needs to protect the battered and non the batterer. A bulk of beat-up adult females are murdered if they try to go forth an opprobrious state of affairs. Why is that? Because they don # 8217 ; t have the protection they need. The condemnable justness system needs to get down a victim resettlement plan for domestic maltreatment victims. This would guarantee their safety and let them adequate bravery to go forth a atrocious state of affairs. In a state that detests racism and protests animal inhuman treatment so why are adult females and kids still subject to anguish and force in their ain places at the custodies of their hubbies and male parents? In a politically right universe excessively many of us still view adult females and kids as inferior, as belongings. The media portrays adult females as sex symbols and frequently with a really noticeable deficiency of intelligence. Often physicians turn their dorsums on harm left as the consequence of maltreatment because of the fright of abashing their patients ( WAC, 1994 ) . It is clip to declare war on domestic force. Domestic force will ever be a portion of our civilization. Womans are still non considered equal and historically it was acceptable to crush your married woman if she was out of line. With today # 8217 ; s broken matrimonies and extended maltreatment of intoxicant and drugs, the affair will merely acquire worse. If strong enterprises are non instilled now, there will be many unneeded deceases due to the rise in maltreatment. 33f

The British electoral system

Introduction The British electoral system has historically been involved in bi-party elections except in 1923. The modern multiparty day democracy has been restricted to two parties a tradition that borrows from the first-past-the post system in general as well as local elections. The post war conception of the liberalist a conservatism parties has continued to rule the elective regime to the present day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The British electoral system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Small parties have over the years been downplayed by the two major parties that have continued to dominate the voter population. Inadvertently it would be very easy to perceive of the British system as a bipartisan electoral system which isn’t the case. History Progress has been made in as far as reform of the British electoral system with specific regard to the reform act of 1832 which suffered amendment in cons ecutive years to involve the plight of women and attempts to stamp out corrupt election practices that had stained the system in the nineteenth century. It would then see the involvement of 18-20 year old in the voting process as well as the provision for absentee voters. The system has shown progress and continues to change to suit contemporary democratic concerns. The onset of the mass election concept was said to have motivated the need for the adoption of alternative methods of elections. Thanks to political scientists such as John Stuart Mill the intellectual justification that was based on the imminent risk of minority oppression. The tradition had been to allow the citizens to exercise their right to re-elect outstanding individual through the exercise of proportional representation. The proportional representative system was conceived in 1884 to take the place of the first pas the post system. For years reliance was placed on this system to provide quality leadership to parl iament. The growth and development of the nineteenth century organized parties began to gradually take the place earlier occupied by the territorial principle that motivates the popularity system (Curtice and Steed 98–249). The electoral debate spilled over into the early twentieth century provoking the attention of the royal commission which after deliberation and consultation suggested the alternative voting system. This approach was supported by nationalist idealists who sympathetically conceived the approach as an attempt to bring together and mitigate the imminent division in the communities. In preceding years the search for a conclusive legal regime to regulation led to the formulation of the representation of the people bill of 1917 which was followed by the endorsement of the alternative vote system.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The electoral reform debate w as taken up by the liberal party which at the time was said to be losing its position to the labor party. (Kendall and Stuart 98–249) The debate was later abandoned by the resignation of the labor government in 1931only to be picked up by the liberal party in the 1970s. Since then there have been numerous attempted at reform and counter reform of the electoral system to match the growing number of contemporary Argument Integrity It is common ground that there exists an accepted international consensus as far as the basic principles that govern a free and fair election (Benoit 69–83). The concept is built on the principles of the international human rights provisions as well as the civil and political rights convention. The provisions of these conventions require that among other things the elections should be frequently held in line with the universal suffrage doctrine. They should be governed by a set of impartial rules and regulations that oversee the registration of voters including the management and counting of the results of the subsequent elections. This ensures that transparency and fairness is maintained throughout the elections. The elections should also be adequately secured to avoid any chances of violence and duress or undue influence. The media should also provide adequate coverage of the ongoing of the various steps. There should also be a legislative regime to control the level of spending involved in the election to ensure that there is free and fair competition (Curtice and Steed 98–249). The extent to which the modern day British electoral process complies with the above parameters is subject to debate. These principles are assumed to form part of the British unwritten constitution. However the level of compliance shows a negative trend. This has led to the development of research that has led to the development of electoral reforms. Democratic audits dating from back in 1990 have provided a comprehensive assessment of t he extent to which the British electoral system complies with international democracy benchmarks. The 1999 audit suggested that alongside the critical multiple democratic concerns there lay pertinent concerns as to the harmony between the system and the internationally accepted principles and standards such as secret ballot, bribery free elections that have been freed from bribery and intimidation. (Kendall and Stuart 97–183) The system was also accused of lack of attention to the continued reduction in the number of people registering to vote. Throughout the history of the system some prisoners continued to be denied their fundamental right to vote. The same was also done to some categories of old people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The British electoral system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The audit also brought to right the need for a particularized approach to the question of regulated campaign spending. As it were the level of spending does have a bearing on the number of votes that the candidate gets by the end of the campaign. However the restriction was only being observed at the local level and not the national level where it matters most. The local regulations themselves did little in the regulation of the effect of spending on elections. The audit also raises questions of proportionality of the electoral system. The general principle is that one man accounts for one vote and nom more. The electoral system has been often accused of accommodating unconventional practices such as manipulation of boundary reviews. The political resolve has been to invest in swing voters who provide an appropriate opportunity for the influence of electoral outcome. Modern day electoral malpractice Political scientists are at pains to conclusively establish the position of the electoral system today in as far as malpractice is concerned. This to a great extent can be blamed on the lack o f a central body that gathers that gathers data in these respects. The only vivid recourse centers remain with the crown prosecution services, the official statistics on RPA offences and the official statistics on electoral petitions. In the absence of a regulatory regime, the number of electoral offences has been said to grow from 2500 in 2000 and 2006 to 109500 different cases. (Johns and Padgett 203-227) In actuality there has been little evidence to support the claim of electoral malpractice down from year 2000. This is hard to believe especially with the onset of the postal voting practice which involves numerous variables. The reform attempts to increase voter turnout have turned futile and instead have caused low confidence in the electoral system (Curtice and Steed 98–249). The most influential misgiving of the electable system has been the negative impression on elector administration. The burden placed on the commissions is overwhelmingly large and yet there is litt le motivation to alter this stand. Conclusion Different approaches have been made in trying to get around the British electoral system. It is common ground the British system never lacks the necessary criticism.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The various political scientists have tirelessly addressed the need for reform and restructuring of the procedural requirements of the system it would be a great injustice to condemn the system entirely due to its all too conspicuous misgivings. The system has been successful in sticking a reasonable compromise for the British national in as far as leadership is concerned. Therefore the system has not entirely failed in its objective. In the same spirit the competitive and consensus concerns may be used to evaluate the progress of an electoral system. On these parameters the system fails to meet the required provisions required to keep afloat with the emerging modernist ideology and principles of governance. Even more importantly a two party system has been considered as an appropriate motivator of single member popularity and vice versa. In the future it is important that consideration be made to ensure that the electoral system operates in harmony with the international standards as emulated by the United Nations conventions. There is therefore a need for a root and branch reform approach to the revolutionalisation of the British electoral system. Works Cited Benoit, Kenneth. â€Å"Duverger’s Law and the Study of Electoral Systems†. French Politics (2006): 83– 469 Curtice, John and Steed, Michael. ‘Electoral Choice and the Production of Government: The Changing Operation of the Electoral System in the UK Since 1955’. British Journal of Political Science.12 (1982): 98–249 Johns, Robert and Padgett, Steven. â€Å"The role of government: public values and party politics†. In: British Social Attitudes: The 24th Report. Ed. Alison Park et al. London: Sage, 2008, 203-227. Kendall, Maurice and Stuart, Alan. â€Å"Electoral Choice and the Production of Government†: The Changing Operation of the Electoral System in the UK since 1955’. British Journal of Political Science. 12, 1983:96–244 This essay on The British electoral system was written and submitted by user Kendrick Mcdowell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.