Reflection and Research Essay Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reflection and Essay - Research Paper Example In this way, more lives would end up being rescued. Nevertheless, many philosophers deviate with the method of killing of one healthy man to save lives. John Harris had tried to imagine an environment where in case anyone was in need of any kind of transplant it could be easily and successfully done2. It does not have to take long while people are in search of the organ. This means no one will ever have to kick the bucket simply because the organ she or he needs seem not reachable in any part of the world. This was a radiant thought considered seriously since the majority will get saved from death, but the fact that one person’s life has to be killed, makes the idea rather inappropriate to be put into consideration. They believe in the existence of a moral difference between killing and leaving to die. They claim that the dying and the existence of a life should be chances that human needs not to interfere with, though they have a duty that makes endurance of the maximum numbe rs of lives possible while dealing with life. It is suggested that the institutions of survival lottery have not gone so far to mitigate the harmful side effects in terms of terror and distress of the victims. Witnesses and the society would be occasioned by the doctors simply by snatching passers–by off the street and disorganizing them for the benefit of the less fortunate. The lottery scheme would give the option of life and death decision to the medical practitioners, and eliminate the possibility of such authority falling into the hands of a human being, though the fear and suffering would still remain. This would be considered a wrong deed biblically since the power of life and death does not reality on human hands. The doctors should do their level best in trying to save a life, but not kill the healthy for the option of the ill. Those that kick the bucket due to lack of organs should be considered to be Gods. There exist some legislative/judicial decisions that create a legal obligation and right in the lottery. The most prominent legislative rule is referred to as a defense of the survival lottery on utilitarian and Lockean grounds3. For the purpose of this concept, the operations will be perfect and that the society can make omniscient decisions and suggest that the use of computers, although the means are considered extraneous. By scheming an essential processing unit algorithm, pitfalls in the scheme would be prevented. The difficulties that arise from the elderly having a high demand for organs would be collected by introducing age into the algorithm. Overdrinking and smoking should be considered. The processor would be planned in order to maximize utility, and each exchange would result in the development just by definition4. Another key point of the second treatise of government is intolerance for arbitrary decision; the survival lottery is random in choosing who will give life to others in scenery. It should be uncovered that the lottery is not arbitrary is random. Finally, Locke requires that either the citizens to be consent to the system, tactically or explicitly through the legislature if the lottery survival is a non-arbitrary the overall preservation of the society with the consent of the majority5. He agrees that a soldier has the responsibility to protect local individuals of a certain boundaries or

A Process of Ongoing Improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A Process of Ongoing Improvement - Essay Example The primary formal presentation of DBR was by Goldratt and Fox, however before that point by point presentation, it was first known in The Goal, and that is the place most experts likely first look into it. After going through the novel carefully or even casually, the reader may be left with the feeling that numerous enhancements were made, however not have an acceptable thought of precisely what happened when, and how they all nourished together to realize the progressions seen in the plant. This paper dissects the information introduced throughout the course of the story. In this manner, there are a few goals: The Goal is not difficult to peruse and comprehend which has made it prevalent with specialists. Since it puts the onlooker amidst Alex Rogers confused life at Unico, the spectator can perceive how the majority of the substances of a plant administrators life influence an individual's capacities to make the "right" choices. Consequently, it is an influential approach to help individuals without production experience comprehend these substances. With an advance like that, it is straightforward why the third amended release says "In excess of 3 million duplicates sold". Since most secondary school understudies have not accomplished a production environment direct, the book has been utilized within numerous colleges, and the writer has utilized it as a part of a propelled production course for 10 years. Over numerous readings, the writer started to recognize more insights about the plant's ability sprinkled all through the book. A cautious take a gander at the points of interest in the book has demonstrated supportive in understanding the progressions and their effect in the plant.

Economic And Environmental Factors Influencing The Beer Industry

Economic And Environmental Factors Influencing The Beer Industry According to Canadeans latest Global Beer Trends report, global beer consumption will increase 2 billion hectolitres by 2013. However Canadean predicting an average growth rate of 2.8% between 2009 and 2015. According to Huanshu W., (12-02- 2009), the global high-end beer market will reach 65.5 million kiloliters by 2013, an increase of 74.7 percent over 2006. In Asia-Pacific, beer production will reach 13.5 kiloliters, an increase of 125 percent. Furthermore Huanshu W., (12-02- 2009), notes that the China will be one of the main market for beer industry. According to Heineken International (2011), Annual Report (2009), Heineken has market leadership position in Western Europe. Heineken imported various group brands into several Western Europe markets, affects to increase of the consolidated beer volume in Western Europe. Also Heineken is the largest brewing group in Central and Eastern Europe. Acquisition of Amstel helps to expand brand name of Heineken to success in Central and Eastern Europe. Although Heineken expand distribution in Africa and Middle East by brewing varieties of local brands and export the Heineken and Amstel premier brands across the region. According to Heineken International (2011), Annual Report (2009), Heineken has also built a strong market position in Americas by acquisition of FEMSA in year 2010.This made Heineken the national importer, marketer and seller of FEMSAs brands and expand distribution of Heineken brands in Americas. Also Heineken expand distribution in Asia pacific by made joint venture with Fra ser Neave, Asia pacific Breweries. Heineken is brewed at several of Asia pacific breweries throughout the region. Also Heineken beer has a dominant market position, especially in Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Taiwan Heineken International (2011), Annual Report (2009). Number of rivals in beer industry and their world market share Based on 2007/2008 Beer volumes estimates Source: Beer Institute (2011), Research, 2008 Annual Industry Update According to Beer Institute (2011), Research, 2008 Annual Industry Update, The top 3 brewers are Anheuser-Busch InBevs (ABI), Miller and Heineken.These brewers now produce over 50% of worlds beer consumption. Although 70% 80% average beer market share hold in other developed countries. Beer Industry Growth in China According to Heineken International (2011), Currently China is the largest beer market with a sales volume of 291 million hectolitres of beer in 2004 and an annual growth rate of about 15% with a population of 85 million people. China beer market competition is growing at outstanding rate because all the major beer companies try to increase their share of the market. According to AP-Foodtechnology.com, (06-Aug-2004), In China since 1997 total consumption of beer grew by 16.79 % up to 2003 and reach 24.87 billion litres, also total expenses on beer has risen by 85.99 % in current value since 1996. China government economic reform policies affect to growth of China beer market. Heineken Asia Pacific Breweries combine operations in China According to Heineken International (2011), Heineken and Asia Pacific Breweries (APB) was combining in year 2004.This combine leads Heineken to do production and marketing of beer and other strategic activities such as investments for plants, mergers and acquisition in China. Heineken beer will be locally produced to better fulfil the growing demand for Heineken beer in China. Heineken acquired Guangdong Brewery in China Heineken International (2011) noted that the total acquisition of Guangdong Brewery by Heineken is valued at EUR 57 million. Furthermore Mr Thony Ruys, Chairman of Heineken NV said, The Guangdong province is one of the most important beer markets in China. The strong position of Guangdong Breweries in this region offers an excellent platform for further growth of the Heineken brand in china. Guangdong is the largest and prosperous provincial beer markets in China with an estimated volume of 18 million hectolitres per year. Also the partnership with Guangdong Brewery will strengthen the position of Heineken and Asia Pacific Breweries APB considerably in china. Social Issues According to Nugent A.,(25-02-2005), in USA most of beer lovers change their choice to strong beers to light beers (low-alcohol) because they believe that is healthier than regular beers. Light beers calorie percentage is lower than regular beers. However some people argue that light beers are nothing but marketing strategy. Heineken was Introduce to the market in 2005 Heineken Premium Light Larger to compete with other light beer rivals in the market, allbusiness.com (01-10-2006).Furthermore Consumers have reduced their beer consumption because diet and health issues. These consumers think beer effect to body fat because of the percentage of calorie, therefore consumers switch to wine, malt-flavoured alcoholic drinks, BBC News (08-03-2005). Political The beer industry mainly suffers from increase of excise tax by governments and regulations at both federal and state level. Federal and state level regulations affect to beer industry when production, distribution, advertising and labelling. Also percentage of alcohol include in beer, Brewers Association.org. Heineken is a worldwide brewing company therefore governments regulations where it operates heavily affect for Heineken product sales and profit. One example is that government excise tax affect to Heineken sales in Russia. According to Andrew Cleary (21-04-2010), in 2010 first quarter Heineken sales decreased in Russia because excise tax increase by Russian government. Technological Technology helps to brewing industry companies to develop more efficient distribution channels and upgrade facilities with technology that increase the brewing process and improve the quality of the cultivate ingredients and harvesting process. This helps to increase consistency and reduce costs. Heineken is very rich in using information Technology for their production process because its worldwide operations are highly dependent on the availability of information systems, Heineken International (2011). Legal Legal issues affect for beer industry when packaging, advertising and labeling. When advertising beer products target consumer age must be over 21 years. Also some of the countries such as Middle East and other Islamic countries advertising for beer products are banned. Therefore Heineken has to obey rules and regulations according to countries where it operates. Heineken Enjoying Heineken Responsibly is the new marketing strategy that follows obeying the rules, EnjoyHeinekenResponsibly.com. Environmental Factors that affect to beer industry Recycling Waste According to Beer Serves America (2009), Beer industry brewers and brewer suppliers improvement of the beer packaging lead to increase of the recycle rate of waste plastic, paper, glass, aluminium and cardboard that are used to package manufactured Beer bottles, beer cans and packs. Recycled glass accounts for more than 30% of the materials used to produce new bottles. Overcome from this problem every major brewer companies are successfully recycling waste packages on their own recycle production units. In addition to their own corporate recycling programs, brewers and brewer suppliers encourage the communities they serve to recycle as well. Heineken International (2011), points out that glass is use 76% as a packaging material for beer in Heineken and they distributed beers usually in returnable packaging for reduce waste material environment pollution. Water Conservation and Treatment According to Beer Serves America (2009), Water is the primary ingredient for brewing process. Regular maintenance of faucets and piping allows brewers to quickly identify and repair water leaks; also water meters helps to monitor overall water usage. Some of the brewers in the industry have built on-site water treatment plants for reprocess and purify water for the brewing process. Some brewing industries use Bio-Energy Recovery Systems (BERS) to treat wastewater, reducing its strength and volume while creating a renewable biogas that helps fuel their breweries, Beer Serves America (2009). Heineken International (2011), points out that Specific water consumption at Heineken breweries in 2003 were 5.4 hectolitres per hectolitre of beer and it decrease of 3% compared to 2002. This improvement is because of investment in new water treatment systems. Wastewater from 68% of Heineken production units is treated in on-site plants or in urban plants. Other remaining waste water in production units is discharge after the treatment of on-site wastewater treatment plants. Energy Management Most of brewing industries use alternative sources of energy, such as wind, sunlight and Biogas to power their operations. Furthermore through constant monitoring and maintenance of facilities and adopting technology innovations and techniques use by brewers helps to produce beer with energy efficiency, Beer Serves America (2009). According to Heineken International (2011), Heineken use Renewable energy sources to generate some of the heat required in brewing process. These biogases take from the anaerobic treatment of wastewater. Heineken has 19 anaerobic treatment plants and its the 7th largest user, that use biogas as an energy source. The causes that are affected to change competitive structure and business environment in Brewing industry Acquisition in Beer Industry According to Brown A.,(10-06-2002),Acquisitions accelerate global expansion giving beer companies competent market share in target markets, as well as produce and distribute their own brands through the acquired facilities. Adolph Coors acquisition of the Carling in year 2002 basically gives it position for leading UK lager brand and also offers it platform to extend its own Coors brand throughout the UK. Brown A., (10-06-2002) points out some of the major acquisitions are in beer industry, in 1999 Antarctica and Brahma merged to form AmBev in 2000, Scottish Newcastle Plc Acquired Kronenbourg in 2001, Carlsberg A/S and Orlka ASA completed merger of brewing operations to form Carlsberg Breweries A/S in 2002. Heineken Acquisitions and partnerships According to Heineken International (2011), Annual Report (2009), Heineken has wide international presence through a global network of distributors and breweries. Heineken owns and manages one of the worlds leading portfolios of beer brands and is one of the worlds leading brewers in terms of sales volume and profitability. These following Tables Exhibits some of the major acquisition and partnerships with other brewery companies made by Heineken past years (2004 2010) around the world. These acquisitions are key economic factors that help to drive Heineken to build the long-term future of Heineken brands and business. Also acquisition of other breweries and made partnerships with other brewery companies ensure to improve financial performance and distribution strategies that create values for the company. Heineken acquisitions and partnerships (2004 2010) Global economy crisis Beer industry research: Beer sales depression in recession According to Canadeans news (17/11/10), economic downturn has resulted in reduced sales of beer in Europe and North America. Furthermore Canadeans news (17/11/10), noted that worlds top 4 brewers sale rate is less than in 2008. However, expansions into emerging economies have ensured profitable for large brewers such as AB InBev prominent producer South America and SABMiller prominent producer in Africa. Asia overtakes Europe as worlds biggest beer producer McCurry J. (12 August 2010), noted that economic crisis affected beer sales in Europe, but 5.5% rise in Asias beer production followed .Furthermore he noted according to a study research by the Japanese brewing giant Kirin Holdings, Asia has overtaken Europe as the worlds biggest beer producer for the first time in 35 years. British economic crisis, the lowest level of beer consumption in the UK since 1948 -Star City News According to StarCityNews (03-09- 2010), noted that consumption level of alcoholic beverages in UK has been decrease. Furthermore StarCityNews (03-09- 2010), points out using APBI report, that beer drinkers consume only 13% lower than the year 2004. This percentage is below the average number of beer drinkers in Europe Union countries. Also StarCityNews (03-09- 2010), noted using APBI report data that decrease of the alcoholic beverage consumption affect due to the economic recession in UK and success of the message responsible drinkers which campaigned for the British society for reduce British people drinking habits.Furthermore StarCityNews (03-09- 2010), points out that according to Alcoholic Beverage Industry (APBI) report the tax on beer in the UK also affected to reduce the consumption of beer in UK. UK beer sales fall According to Canadean(27/10/08),news, noted that using British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA) report results that overall sales of the beverage in UK decreased by over seven per cent between July and September in 2008, which is thought to be equal to a 1.8 million pint fall. Innovations to Beer Industry (Heineken Draughtkeg) According to TalkingRetail.com (04-05-2007), Innovation of the Heineken unique stand alone Draughtkeg beer system revolutionized the beer industry. Furthermore invention of the DraughtKeg system helps to increment the growth value of the beer category. Competitive Position of the Heineken by reviewing five competitive forces Threat of Substitute products (high) Heineken threat of substitute products is high because customers have many other substitute beverages, such as Liquor, wine, cider, flavoured alcoholic drinks, and non alcoholic beers. The mostly competition come to the industry from the Wine, Liquor and other malt flavoured alcoholic drinks, because they also target the same demographic group. Present market popular substitute product against beer is Smirnoff Ice which is an alternative beer that brewed using a malt base, www.smirnoff.com. Threat of new Entrants (low) Heineken is a large beer company therefore new entrants is low. Also there are many microbreweries throughout Heineken brand distribution countries. But it is difficult to microbreweries to compete with larger companies such as Heineken because advantage of economies of scale, Advertising expenditures and start up capital in beer industry is high. This makes the industry is not attractive for new entrants. Bargaining power of suppliers (low) Bargaining power of suppliers is low. Heineken operates some of own local sourcing projects and Agriculture projects to get raw materials such as Sierra Leone Sorghum Project which is local sourcing project in Sierra Leone is part of the companys Africa-wide strategy to procure at least 60% of its raw materials locally, Heineken International (2011). Due to the size of Heineken, suppliers would not want to lose business with Heineken. In addition Heineken manage supply chain code, both in terms of ethics and the environment therefore Heineken has control possibilities over many of its product inputs, Heineken International (2011). Bargaining power of customers (medium) The bargaining power of customers is a medium threat for the beer industry. Such as taste of the beer, calories, price, and alcohol percentage are concerned by customers when they are going to buy beer product. There is also price comparison and sensitivity in the beer market. According to (comparesupermarketprices.co.uk), Major companies are price their products to the market demand price because among competitors there is huge competitive for price, package and discounts that are given to customers. If one company give a discount other competitors also do. Therefore Customers also have low switching cost because of competitive price. Jockeying for position with rivals (high) Competive forces within beer industry are high. Heineken main competitors are Anheuser-Busch, SABMiller and Carlsberg. Anheuser-Busch has 26% global market share and SABMiller has 17% global market share, Beer Institute (2011), Research, 2008 Annual Industry Update. There is low variation in products and advertising within the beer industry, if one firm launches a new advertising campaign, others will follow. Similarly if one firm launches a new beverage, others will try to copy that beverage. One of the example is Light Beers, according to Miller Brewing Company they produce first Light beer to the USA market in 1977 after that Anheuser-Busch introduce their light beer Bud Light in 1982 and heavily advertised their brand to become first in the market. Furthermore in the beer industry there is competition from both local products and other major brands import products, therefore Heineken has to compete with many type of competitors. Also other threats that affected for competitive po sition are mergers and acquisitions in the beer industry. But Heineken is a large company and recent acquisition of Scottish and Newcastle in 2008 and FMSA in 2010 increased the Heineken global market share, Beer Institute (2011), Research, 2008 Annual Industry Update. Competitor Analysis Heineken Major Competitors are Anheuser-Busch InBev, SABMiller and Carlsberg. Within these 3 competitors Anheuser-Busch InBev, SABMiller are the main competitors to Heineken because of their global market share strength, beer brand and portfolio strength, company revenue and sale of beer volume. Anheuser-Busch InBev According to AB-InBev.com annual report (2009) Anheuser-Busch is the worlds largest beer company and it is the dominant market leader in USA. Furthermore it is the largest global brewer with 25% global market share and one of the worlds top 5 consumer products companies, based in Leuven, Belgium. Anheuser-Busch InBev generated revenues of US$36,758million for 2009 and it portfolio contains more than 200 brands. Anheuser-Busch InBev target consumers are from the lower class of society to the upper class. They have a wide range of precious beer brands and beverages to offer each social class.Anheuser-Busch InBev holds the 1st or 2nd position in 19 key markets. The company employment strength is approximately 116,000 people based in operations in 23 countries around the world, and manages a portfolio of over 200 beer brands including globally recognised brand Budweiser. (www.ab-inbev.com). Furthermore Anheuser-Busch InBev operates in six operational zones, Latin Am erica, North America, Western Europe, Asia Pacific and Central and Eastern Europe. The company strives to be the Best Beer Company in a Better world. SABMiller SABMiller is the worlds second -largest brewing and bottling company measured by revenue and it is only second to Anheuser-Busch. SABMiller based in South Africa, operates in 75 countries across Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, China and India and sells nearly 213 million hectolitres per year and account for 13% global market share. According to SABMiller.com, its owned more than 200 brands and 139 brewers with total number of 69,116 employees. SABMiller revenue for 2009 was US$18,703million SABMiller.com, Annual Report (2009), [Online]. The SABMiller premium beer brand is Pilsner Urquell and also SABMiller is the worlds largest bottlers of Coca-cola products, SABMiller.com. According to SABMiller.com, their mission is to own and nurture local and international brands that are the choice of the consumer. Their strategic priorities are Develop strong relevant brand portfolios that win in the local market, Create balanced and attractive global spread of business, an d increase the profitability of local business, leverage skills and global scale, SABMiller.com. SABMillers significant presence in Africa is the major threat that Heineken to success in Africa. Moreover SABMillers strengthened than Heineken by revenue for year, market share, brewers owned worldwide where it operates. Carlsberg According to Carlsberg.com, Carlsberg is the worlds 4th largest brewery group based in Denmark and employing around 45000 people and account for 7% global market share. The Carlsberg portfolio includes more than 500 brands and well known international premium brand is Carlsberg. In 2009 Carlsberg Group sold more than 135 million hectolitres of beer and sold more than 150 countries, revenue for 2009 was DKK 59,382 million, carlsberggroup.com. Under Export and Licensing agreements Carlsberg sells its products to countries where it has no breweries. Furthermore Carlsbergs products vary particularly in volume, price, target consumers and geographic locations. Carlsberg.com notes that The Carlsbergs ambition is to be thefastest growing global beer company. Carlsberg does not have large footprint according to Heineken, Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller. But its premium brand name Carlsberg has a significant position in Asia. Competitors Global Products Price and Market Share Comparison (Based on 2009 data) Company Name and Global Rank Global Market Share (2009) Revenue (2009) Globally available Brand Name Description about product Price in UK (02-03-2011) 01.Anheuser-Busch InBevs 25% global market share US $ 36, 758 million Stella Artois Number one Belgian beer in the world and is distributed in over 80 countries.  £1.50 (660ml) Becks The Beck brand is the number one export brand in Germany, and present in more than 100 countries worldwide.  £1.50 (660ml) Budweiser The leading brand of Anheuser-Busch InBev brewed to be universally popular brand and first national beer brand in USA introduce in 1876. Its called the Great American Larger.  £1.94 (660ml) 02.SABMiller 13% global market share US$18,703 million Grolsch Available in over 60 countries worldwide and origin in Netherland. Unique Package style makes it stand out from others.  £1.87 (450ml) Miller Genuine Draft Origin in United States, Available in over 68 countries.  £1.16 (330ml) Peroni Nastro Azzurro Origin in Italy, Also Available in austrailia, Africancountries,France,india, peru,Poland,Romania, Russia,Japan,UK and USA.  £2.13 (660ml) 03.Heineken 9% global market share à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬16.13 million Heineken The Heineken the world drinks today is still brewed using the original, unrivalled recipe invented three generations ago by the Heineken family. Available in more than 170 countries.  £1.99 (650ml) Amstel Amstel is the market leader or one of the top-ranked brands in Greece ,Netherlands, France,Hungary,Spain,Italy,USA and South Africa. Available in more than 120 countries.  £1.46 (330ml) 04.Carlsberg 7% global market share DKK 59,382 million Carlsberg Carlsberg pilsner was launced in 1904, and its the flagship brand in the Carlsberg family. Available in where Carlsberg operate countries.  £0.85 (440ml) Turborg Turborg origin was Denmark but now available in more than 70 different countries. Turbog is the youth brand in the Carlsberg international portfolio.  £0.89 (275ml) Source: Above table Price Comparison according to http://www.comparesupermarketprices.co.uk,

Essay example --

This literature review will examine the leadership theories of Contingency leadership and Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid. In this case study, it will help to analyze the leadership theory of the two leaders that played a part failed to avoid the genocide war in Rwanda. Leadership Style Blake and Mouton’s leadership grid is studying of the degree of task-orientated against people-orientated. It helps to identify the leadership style of the leaders according to the way that they handle the situation. Under task-orientated leadership, the leaders are focusing on the production and efficiency on the output and plan ahead on how to complete it within the timeframe. While under people-orientated leadership, the leaders are focusing on the needs and interest of the members. The leader will break into parts according to their abilities. There are five leadership styles that are under this theory which are country club leadership, team leadership, impoverished leadership, middle of the road leadership and produce or perish leadership. This theory is able to explain the way of the leader of the work. Based on Blake and Mouton’s leadership grid, Romeo Dallaire fits into country club leadership style which is referring to care for the needs of the members and making everyone contented in the team. By doing so, it caused the output to be low and lack of direction to do the task. Case study showed that Dallaire took his responsibility to take care of his troops. In case study, it stated that there were severe shortage of resources such as lodging and food but being turned down due to budgetary reasons. In order to solve this matter, he managed to think of sharing the supplies together with his fellow officers and his share. Another examp... ... of a method to persuade them to stay at the tents. Another example, Booh rejected his plan for get hold of the weapon cache. He should have kept convincing to let his officer to understand his point of views. Morse and Lorsch (1970) suggested that how well a leader can lead his followers are based on the various circumstances. Dotlich & Cairo (2003) stated that an ineffective leadership can be produced based on the behavior, the way of handling task, characters and qualities. Booh Booh did not use his authority to assist and resolve the problem due to his fear. From the case study, Booh Booh watered down Dallaire’s report regarding the help from UN so in the end, Dallaire did not get any help from UN. Another example would be Dallaire commended to snatch the weapon caches but Booh Booh rejected due to his fear of the relationship of UN forces and the government.

Reaction Paper on Economic Forum on Philippine Governance Essay

Our country has great potential for mining developments. It was also mentioned by Dr. Habito that mining has contributed significant economic growth for the country. I am working in a mineral exploration company, and I have witness the mining investments flourished when the government made structural changes to the mining laws. More mineral exploration companies opened acquiring mining tenements and pouring in million of investments. Not only that, we generated employment and uplifted the lives of the local communities thru road developments and other rehabilitation programs where our mining area is situated. But as time goes by, the promises of the government were not fulfilled. Rampant â€Å"Red Tape† is still present every time we process exploration permits and other pertinent documents. The government bureaus still practices bribery for easier approval. Another important concern of my company and other exploration companies is the â€Å"Peace and Order† situation as the government promised to control 10 years ago. The situation has not been improved. Mining camps are still attacked by these belligerents/insurgents groups to threaten the mining companies to fulfill their wishes. The LGU’s of the particular community were not given full force to set directives in dealing with insurgencies. The local military always heed for directives from the national military to propagate security but then incidents have been done. As the same example mentioned by Dr. Habito, on over centralized agrarian policy, that the national government disposed fertilizers to national agrarian in belief that it was good for all farm lands of the country. But then some farmers on respective provinces don’t find this disposition as effective as the use of the Carabaos to mow and cultivate their farms. He pointed out there is a need to give stronger roles for LGU to direct the concerns of the local community. LGU’s knows more what is better for their community. Another good example discussed by Dr. Habito is the development of Clark Airport Tourism. The emergence of international flights in Clark Airport paved way to business expansion but fell short when the crab mentality of other â€Å"Airlines† instigated and aided from the government to minimized the international flights in Clark Airport to serve their self-interests. Dr. Habito instilled that the government should develop more liberal aviation policy and open skies environment to attract more investments. Subsequently, our company is moving our exploration activities to other Asian countries for better opportunity and effective government policies. We believed that our investments here in the country are not optimized due to these flaws and self-serving government operatives. Evidently, Philippines is rich in natural mineral resources that could bring great opportunities for the people. But we cannot maximize development because of poor governance. Even if the laws are severally revised for optimal purposes but they are just written instrument if these are not effectively realized.

Virgin Mobile Marketing Metrics

Virgin Mobile’s business model consists of several different strategies for success. On July 2002, Virgin launched its new cellular service company, mostly geared for individuals ages 15- 19. The UK-based company had plans to acquire new clientele by tapping the youth market with the following tactics: Text messaging bundles: Virgin believed text messaging was a key selling point for youth as kids would often communicate with friends or family through this medium as it was cheaper than daytime minutes and a more discrete form of communication while in class.Ring Tones: Virgin offered a large selection of favourite and popular tunes and music that could be set as your cellular ringtone. Fun Clips: Are audio clippings of new gossip, sports information, jokes and other information that teens generally have interest in and have the time to review. Other features such as Music Messenger allowed cell phone users to share their favourite music with their friends and classmates.These features appealed more to the youth market and generated additional cell phone usage (if not by using minutes) and customer loyalty. Virgin believed that these mediums would bond customers to their phones therefore creating more interest. Virgin signed contracts with several phone manufacturers such as: Kyocera, Nokia, LG and more to enable a variety of phones to choose from; each providing a different benefit that would appeal to the youth.By adding these features and targeting the 15-24 market, as well as being a contract-free cell phone provider, this generated more interest in the market because the ones under 18 would have had to use their parents to sign a contract for them in order to have a wireless device, this way, Virgin enables customers the freedom. Assuming the number of customers is 5 in year one, and retention rate is 75% the decline in customers yearly thereafter will be deducted by the same percentage.By taking the number of effective customers in 2001 and multiply ing it by retention rates we acquire the pattern or deduction. (copy and pasting the formula along the years 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006; the five-year wireless contract). | | | | | | Retention rate was calculated by assuming the number of total customers was 100. 25 customers left to another service provider. 100-25 = 75. (75/100) *100 = 75% Retention. Tab 1 of spreadsheet Tab 2 of spreadsheet

Teens Dealing With Drugs essays

Teens Dealing With Drugs essays Hey let me bum a cigarette. Hey share the wealth, I need more alcohol. Teens today are having many problems dealing with drugs. Teenagers get influence by ads in magazines, ads on TV, people pressuring them, and from everyday life. Drugs and Alcohol does not help anything in the world. When teens are having problems, some of them do drugs or even drink alcohol to get rid of their problems, but that wont do any good it just causes more problems. There are many types of drugs that teens can use. For example, Marijuana, Ecstasy, Cocaine, Heroin, LSD, Speed, Morphine, Nicotine, and Tobacco. These are the most known drugs that Teenagers use. 1,000 teenage girls were surveyed from across the country and 100%; all of them said that they have used Marijuana. Then Ecstasy came in second with 25%. Problem with using drugs is that it just causes more problems to your life. Teens dont know that drugs wont solve any problems they have, it just messes it up more. Some of them dont even have problems; they just do it to be cool. Teenagers say that when you try it once, you just get hooked and cant seem to stop. Teenagers know that its bad for them but they do it anyways, some teens are smart and know that being a Pot-Head is not a good idea. Its bad for your health and for your life; it will only bring more problems. What really influences teens to do drugs? Why exactly do they do it? Well there are so many reasons why, because its cool, it solves a problem theyre having, depression, to get high, everyone is doing it, and to escape reality. These are not brilliant ideas to start smoking. Now what influences them to do it? Well, they see their parents do it, friends, they see ads on T.V and magazines, and also, they see celebrities doing it. Some teens look at their favorite star and say that we want to be like them, and if we see them smoke or drink then we may want...

pride essays

pride essays This excerpt taken from the play Antigone written by Sophocles has many different implications. If this idea were to be true, this quote suggests that every crime is caused by pride and that if man did not have pride there would be no crimes and all mistakes would be fixed. One is also able to realize that this quote testifies to the idea that all men do make mistakes, but those who fix them are good and those who dont are evil. If this is true than a mans value and character is determined by his actions. All men do make mistakes, but in cases when they are unable to mend them, it does not make them evil. Additionally, what may prevent a man from acknowledging his crime is not only pride, but also the effect it can have on others. In Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, Willy makes a great many mistakes in his life. These mistakes are in all cases repairable but this does not make him an evil man. One of Willys greatest mistakes is that he depends on the company he works for and believes that they will be as loyal to him as he has been to them. It is not just Willys pride that keeps him believing that even if he is not as successful as he used to be that he will get promoted and keep his job. It is also reasonable expectations of the respect that the company should have for him due to the sacrifices he makes for them. By the time Willy realizes this mistake though, it is too late for him to repair it in anyway. He can apologize and regret his mistakes, but he can not change the past. No matter how many apologies Willy may make to his family, and how much he may regret it, it will not change the situation he is in. Willys mistake was having trust and faith and others but this is not something that makes o ne evil. He did try to fix some mistakes in his life, but others he was unable too based upon how it would hurt others. For instance, Willy can apologize to his wife for the unfaithful ...

PSAT to SAT Scores Does One Predict the Other Whats a Good PSAT Score

PSAT to SAT Scores Does One Predict the Other What's a Good PSAT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The PSAT is the first exposure many students have to college entrance exams.Because the two tests are so similar, the PSAT is very good at predicting how you'll do on the SAT.In this article, we explain the most accurate way to use your PSAT score to predict your future SAT score. A Note on This Article This article uses data based on the older version of the PSAT, when the score range was 60 to 240. In October 2015, the current version of the PSAT was first released, with a new score range of 320 to 1520. (Learn more about how the current PSAT is scored here.) As such, the data in this article is out-of-date for anyone who's taken the PSAT since October 2015,andyou cannot use the strategies below to estimate your SAT score from your PSAT score. However, the major patterns discussed below still apply. This means that, when comparing your PSAT and SAT scores, you'll likely see the biggest gains in Verbal scores, followed by Math scores. Students with lower PSAT scores will also likely see bigger gains in their SAT scores compared to students who initially scored high on the PSAT. And an effective prep strategy is still one of the best ways to improve your SAT score. The Naà ¯ve Method: Multiply Your PSAT Score by 10 to Get Your SAT Score The PSAT is incredibly similar to the SAT: they overlap by 90% or more. In fact, the two tests are so similar that you can think of the PSAT as nearly identical to the SAT. Seen this way, there is an "SAT equivalent" score for all PSAT scores: you can convert your PSAT score to an estimated SAT score just by multiplying your PSAT score by 10. For example, if your PSAT total was a 155, then the SAT equivalent would be 155 x 10 = 1550. Likewise, if you got a 42 in math on the PSAT, this is the same as a 420 on the SAT Math section. If you're just looking for the theoretical equivalent SAT score this method is good enough. In fact, in our text below, we will use the SAT-equivalent score a lot. However, some students and parents ask themselves a more relevant question: Now that I know my PSAT score, what will I likely get when I take the SAT for real? Can you predict my future SAT score based on my PSAT score?The answer is a resounding yes. How to Predict Your Future SAT Score From Your PSAT Score You need to take into account a few extra factors when doing prediction versus just conversion. First, if you've been paying attention to my series on what's a good 7th grade SAT score or what's a good 10th grade SAT score, you'll know that students improve over time. This factor is vital to a good prediction, as we show you below.Second, the SAT is not exactly equal to the PSAT. Finally, some call it luck and others call it fate, but there is some chance involved, and we must account for that. To account for all three factors, we used a large sample of thousands of real students who took the PSAT and later the SAT in their normal high school career. This way we don't need to rely on theory. We can look at the hard empirical data to see the truth. The results are below. Average Improvement From PSAT to SAT Scores: 139 Points The average improvement between the PSAT score (expressed in SAT equivalent) and SAT score was 139 points. This means that if you got a 150 on the PSAT, you can expect to get 150 x 10 + 139 = 1639 on the SAT. Remember to multiply your PSAT score by 10 to get the SAT equivalent, then add 139. What does this mean? It reflects that scores for students go up generally because they're learning more in school. Some students also receive great SAT preparation, and I believe these students improve more than average. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Breakdown by Section: Verbal, Math, and Writing The improvement wasn't evenly spread across all three sections of the SAT. In fact, Verbal scores increased the most at 62 points, while Math increased 47 points, and Writing improved only 30 points.This can be explained by the theory that Verbal subjects often require intuition that comes with maturity and training, while Writing has a new essay section that many students don't do as well on. Breakdown by PSAT Score: Low Scorers Win? You know the average improvement is 139 points, but how much you improve will also depend on your starting PSAT score. If you're a low scorer on the PSAT - if your starting score is 1200 (all scores here will be in SAT units) or below, your expected improvement is 166 points. If your starting PSAT score is 1200-1800, then your improvement is a slightly lower 155 points. Ifyou're starting as a high scorer, your expected improvement is only 64 points. Scorer Type Starting PSAT Score (x10) Improvement Expected Low Scorer Less Than 1200 166 Points Middle Scorer 1200-1800 155 Points High Scorer More Than 1800 64 Points Why is this the case? In statistical speak, this is just another example of regression to the mean. In everyday language, this can mean that if you did poorly on the PSAT, you're often motivated to study harder and prep more and improve your score (but you need to put in the effort). Likewise, it says if you're scoring high already, there's less room to grow, and if you want higher than average improvement, you're best off with help. What's Next? The college admissions process has become so competitive that it's helpful to plan well in advance for SAT/ACT prep during high school. Here are a few guides to help your thinking: Want a perfect SAT or ACT score?Read our guide to scoring the maximum SAT scorepossible, written by our resident perfect scorer. (ACT edition here). What's a good 10th grade SAT score? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points, or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide on the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

You can create this Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can create this - Research Proposal Example Welcoming international trade, the country is expanding its business relations with Spain (its closest neighbor), the US, and African countries. In many cases goods shipped to Portugal do not arrive there directly, but come to some other country of the EU, and only then travel to Portugal – in order to use the advantage of lower value added tax rates of the other country. Companies entering the Portuguese market are welcome to contact the closest US Export Assistance Center which supports exporters. U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service (100) recommends entering the market with an assistance of a local partner. Besides, finding a group or a right person to obtain useful advice and contacts is considered to be very beneficial because personal contacts are important for conducting a successful business in the country. In order to establish an office in Portugal, one should create a Portuguese company according to the country’s law. For most tenders and goods price is more important than quality. So, in order for a product to be competitive, the price must not be higher than that of the rivals. Portuguese importers now prefer to receive C.I.F. or F.O.B. quotations that include a product description, shipping weight, volume and time of shipment and delivery. Though such invoices (with all the mentioned above information) are not mandatory, they are very desirable. The largest part of the businesses of the country is concentrated in Lisbon, a capital of Portugal. Modern techniques of conducting business are widely spread in the country. However, traditional values are still in a great respect: personal contact and a handshake are still considered by many Portuguese businessmen to be more valuable than a signed contract. At the same time, a request for a formal contract will not offend them. At the same time, personal relations are valued and respected more than any legal

The Bernie Madoff Scandal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Bernie Madoff Scandal - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that the Bernie Madoff Scandal was discovered by one of the Modoffs’ son when Madoff decided to pay up to $7 billion redemptions or bonuses upfront after showing the inability to pay investors. The sons demanded to know the source of the funds and father admitted that his asset management arm of his firm was actually being operated as a Ponzi scheme in which new investments covered returns from the existing or earlier investments and personal wealth. Upon discovering the fraud, the son did what the unexpected and took up the matter with the federal authorities leading to the arrest of Madoff. Madoff revealed that he had run the scheme for approximately 20 years since the early 1990s. It was discovered that over the years Mr. Madoff was actually using money from new investors to pay returns to old investors creating a pyramid resembling a previous scheme named after Charles Ponzi. Although Mr. Madoff was operating within hedge fund industry, his fund was not a hedge fund, but endowments and foundations after the hedge funds invested heavily with his company. Madoff’s strategy to pay old investors with funds obtained from new investors enables his firm to satisfy the high returns promised to investors despite failure by the old investments to generate any returns. Investors expected that their funds were invested elsewhere by the company to generate returns, but Madoff deposited all the funds in his business account at Chase Manhattan Bank. In order to hide the reality in his company, he creatively came up with false transactions involving falsified SEC filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission and foreign transfers year after year. Modoff’s fraud dealings also most surfaced in 1999 when Harry Markopolos, a financial analyst-whistleblower alerted the securities and commission that his gains were impractical in the financial situation.

MGMT499 - 1403B - 04 Individual Project 1 Research Paper

MGMT499 - 1403B - 04 Individual Project 1 - Research Paper Example Formulating the right steps needed to reach these aims is also crucial. The top management team has always excelled at this function in Starbucks. First, CEO Howard Schultz wanted the company to offer a different coffee-selling experience from its competitors. Therefore, it dwelt on making the ambience and services at Starbucks more laid-back than at other companies. It established a way of achieving those outcomes by effectively training its baristas to maintain high coffee standards (Cleary, 2007). In addition, the company also had a plan to make its presence felt in almost all corners of the US and internationally. The management team thus expanded into non urban areas where it doubled its outcomes. It even entered into grocery stores and drive-thru locations. The company worked on its business aspect by licensing some of its products as well as offering a platform called â€Å"Starbucks for business† (Paryani, 2011). This innovation allowed suppliers to contract out their businesses through these platforms. Overall, the company demonstrated t hat strategic and operational panning are essential in succeeding within the coffee industry. Organizing as a management function is that aspect which entails the development of the right structures needed to meet the objectives created in the planning phase. An effective management team ought to design jobs in a manner that provides the right amount of autonomy and enrichment (Carpenter et. al., 2009). Additionally, the way departments and levels at the organization are arranged should be in order to get the most out of the company’s resources. Starbucks has a range of baristas, store managers and administrators. Most of them have job positions that are well cut out and understood by the members. However, the organization strives to make baristas jobs more enjoyable by empowering workers with knowledge needed to

Acceptance in Business Contracts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Acceptance in Business Contracts - Assignment Example In business, contracts are considered to be quite vital as to preserve transparency in business dealings and also to bind the parties engaged in a legal contract to perform their responsibilities with efficiency. There are various elements to a business contract, which mainly involves an offer, an acceptance, a free mutual consent, a legal purpose, competent offeror(s) and offeree(s) and consideration of a value engaged in the contract to benefit the purpose of the contract (Marsh Parlin Law, 2012). The discussion henceforth will be focused on elaborating the element of acceptance in a business contract. Accordingly, the important factors of making a valid acceptance will also be explained in this paper. Due significance will also be rendered towards cases where the validity of an acceptance made in a contract were examined. Prior to discussing the significance of acceptance in a business contract, it is worth defining an offeror and an offeree. As per the English Contract Law, there must be at least two parties in an agreement, i.e. the party making the offer and the other accepting the offer. The party or parties engaged in making the offer are referred as offeror(s); while, the party or parties giving their mutual consent to the agreement is termed as offeree(s) or acceptor(s) (McGraw-Hill, 2013). It is in this context that even if the agreement is made on the basis of a valid offer, in case the acceptance is made under external pressure and is found to lack free consent from the offeree(s), the contract is quite likely to be termed as void. Therefore, it can be affirmed that it is essential to have a valid offer and a valid acceptance to make a contract legally approved. Absence of either of the elements shall result in a void contract. From a generalised perspective, acceptance can be referred as the act of free affirmation or acceptance made by the offeree(s) in lieu to the proposal given by the offeror(s). In other words, it is the manifestation of the full concern made by the offeree to be bound by the terms of the offer made. It is in this context that acceptance can be made through various forms, i.e. either through verbal agreement with documented acceptance of the offer, or through implied and non-verbal forms, making signs to convey the acceptance of the offer. In the case of a verbal acceptance, the offeree tends to depict his confirmation through a signature or through explicit verbal mode. Such mode of acceptance can be illustratively expla ined with reference to Brogden v Metropolitan Railway (1877) 2 App. Cas. 666. In this case, however, no signature or direct acceptance was made by the offeree (Brogden) to confirm the contractual conditions stated by the offeror (Metropolitan Railway). Correspondingly, no arguments were also made by the offeree in this context, deciphering their non-acceptance to the contract. Rather, the offeree continued abiding by the contractual terms, even though the contract did not have an explicitly communicated form of acceptance. When the case was reviewed in the court, the judgment delivered was of the view that the contract was a valid business agreement, as the offeree has deciphered acceptance by not making any counter arguments to the written contract forwarded by Metropolitan Railway (e-Lawresources, n.d.). In another case of Day Morris Associates v Voyce and another, a similar mode of acceptanc

Module 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 3 - Assignment Example The last part of the paper will try to compare and contrast Tesco’s approach to inclusion and diversity with the key conclusions drawn by Bendick, Egan, & Lanier (2011) in their study. In the above mentioned study, Bendick, Egan, and Lanier (2011) mainly focus on investigating the claim that that employee diversity equips businesses to deal with diverse customers. Basically, Title VII of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 granted broad, enforceable rights to equal employment opportunity regardless of race, colour, religion, sex or national origin in a bid to end workplace discrimination. This move heralded the new dispensation in the practice of human resources management called diversity. Whilst all workplace inequities have not been completely removed, major strides have been made in this particular section to address issues related to employment discrimination on the basis of race, colour, creed and belief. Thus, the authors of the above mentioned research argue that empl oyers should provide equal employment opportunity in a bid to create a â€Å"business case for diversity.† The authors argue that workforce diversity can advance business objectives that are mainly related to issues of productivity and profitability in the organization. Which are basic tenets of any business. This brings us to the claim by the authors that employee diversity equips businesses to deal with diverse customers. According to the study, a diverse workforce offers access to a broader pool of potential employees, enables the organization to relate to diverse customers and it helps in creating a more productive work force. The authors make some of the key conclusions in their study and some of them are discussed below. They suggest that inclusion is the basic tenet that can lead to success of workplace diversity. This entails that the needs and interests of the employees are taken into account in as far as the operations of the organization is concerned. This helps to create share and mutual understanding among all the stakeholders involved in the operations of a particular organization. This can also significantly help to appeal to the interests of many customers who may be attracted to buy the products offered by the organization. The other key conclusion made by the authors of the above mentioned study posits to the effect that many companies often hire employees from different backgrounds due to the fact that they represent the tastes, sensibilities and interests of a wide range of people from diverse backgrounds. This is very important since it helps to attract sales from the operations of the organization which in turn translates into profitability. However, contrary to the key findings of a study by Syed & Kramar (2010) entitled ‘What is the Australian model for managing cultural diversity?’ it can be observed that the â€Å"legal framework in Australia places only limited obligations on organisations to manage cultural dive rsity.† As such, many organizations often lag behind in as far as diversity and inclusivity in the operations of the organization are concerned. According to this study, it can be observed that unless cultural diversity is tackled at multiple levels, managing diversity in the workplace may prove unrealistic unless concerted efforts are put by the government and organizations that specialise in different

Call it what ever you like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Call it what ever you like - Essay Example Antonio is liked by people and has a good heart. He is able to bring out his emotions very in the court while pleading for mercy from Shylock (Shakespeare, Coleman & Barnes, 23). Shylock is the unsuccessfully character and is resented by everyone. Shylock is a rich man who lends out money to Antonio. However, when he needs his money repaid, Antonio is not in a position to repay and this becomes a major source of conflict between the two friends. In the court scene, Shylock is able to bring out very well mixed emotions and anger. He however, later becomes sympathetic when the case turns again as they had not agreed on how to measure the pound of flesh and blood (Shakespeare, Coleman & Barnes, 23). He is well armed with his knife in court and could not wait to be finally allowed to get his pound of flesh. Shylock can be analyzed as a very inhumane and unfair character as he does not even give Antonio a chance to explain himself, he harbors secret hated for Antonio and would be delighted to destroy him the best way he would (Shakespeare, Coleman & Barnes, 23). The other characters hate shylock as he finds fun and satisfaction oppressing them. Other aspects of the play such as costumes, lighting, props as well as sound were well incorporated and the performance was extemporary good (Shakespeare, Coleman & Barnes, 23). All through the play, the characters were able to capture my attention and create enthusiasm to keep watching. The production was top notch. I have learnt vital lessons from the play and will aim at becoming a better and peace-loving

Module 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 3 - Assignment Example The last part of the paper will try to compare and contrast Tesco’s approach to inclusion and diversity with the key conclusions drawn by Bendick, Egan, & Lanier (2011) in their study. In the above mentioned study, Bendick, Egan, and Lanier (2011) mainly focus on investigating the claim that that employee diversity equips businesses to deal with diverse customers. Basically, Title VII of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 granted broad, enforceable rights to equal employment opportunity regardless of race, colour, religion, sex or national origin in a bid to end workplace discrimination. This move heralded the new dispensation in the practice of human resources management called diversity. Whilst all workplace inequities have not been completely removed, major strides have been made in this particular section to address issues related to employment discrimination on the basis of race, colour, creed and belief. Thus, the authors of the above mentioned research argue that empl oyers should provide equal employment opportunity in a bid to create a â€Å"business case for diversity.† The authors argue that workforce diversity can advance business objectives that are mainly related to issues of productivity and profitability in the organization. Which are basic tenets of any business. This brings us to the claim by the authors that employee diversity equips businesses to deal with diverse customers. According to the study, a diverse workforce offers access to a broader pool of potential employees, enables the organization to relate to diverse customers and it helps in creating a more productive work force. The authors make some of the key conclusions in their study and some of them are discussed below. They suggest that inclusion is the basic tenet that can lead to success of workplace diversity. This entails that the needs and interests of the employees are taken into account in as far as the operations of the organization is concerned. This helps to create share and mutual understanding among all the stakeholders involved in the operations of a particular organization. This can also significantly help to appeal to the interests of many customers who may be attracted to buy the products offered by the organization. The other key conclusion made by the authors of the above mentioned study posits to the effect that many companies often hire employees from different backgrounds due to the fact that they represent the tastes, sensibilities and interests of a wide range of people from diverse backgrounds. This is very important since it helps to attract sales from the operations of the organization which in turn translates into profitability. However, contrary to the key findings of a study by Syed & Kramar (2010) entitled ‘What is the Australian model for managing cultural diversity?’ it can be observed that the â€Å"legal framework in Australia places only limited obligations on organisations to manage cultural dive rsity.† As such, many organizations often lag behind in as far as diversity and inclusivity in the operations of the organization are concerned. According to this study, it can be observed that unless cultural diversity is tackled at multiple levels, managing diversity in the workplace may prove unrealistic unless concerted efforts are put by the government and organizations that specialise in different

Information Systems Technolog Essay Example for Free

Information Systems Technolog Essay Information systems technology changes and the well-managed implementation thereof can indeed be such a difficult undertaking for organizations. Though the adaptability of the employees and the management – and oftentimes, the customers as well – largely vary from one industry to another, it does remain that the shift from the old ways to the new ones is not always a welcomed development. The lessons that can be learned from the case of the Workers’ Compensation Board (WCB), as cited by the Bert Painter, are as well applicable to other companies that have similarly transformed their information systems into advanced and more efficient ones. One of the advantages afforded by better information systems is increased productivity in the workplace, which usually translates to higher income levels for the company. Not all functions, though, can be reduced to formulas and technical processes – like those of Claims Officers in WCB. But putting aside the tasks that thrive on the personal touch, creativity and imagination, as well as duties that require the exercise of judgment and the use subjective discernment, there will definitely be big changes in the entire organization. Information systems technology changes are commonly sought by management as a way to reduce wastage in terms of company resources and manpower hours, based on the accumulated employee hours devoted to such outmoded routines as sending via fax the same sheets to a number of customers. However, systems upgrading should always go with adequate change management, as cited by Bert Painter. This way, heightened efficiency at work will be achieved without causing any employee to feel displaced and demoted. The complication that goes with replacing the information and network system of a company should not be underestimated. It definitely brings in a lot of equally awkward and uneasy consequences – the necessary trainings for the employees, the shortcomings of the systems and the employees’ reactions thereto, and the removal from the organizational chart of job posts that are hence rendered useless. These issues have to be properly handled. As Prof. Khalifa has written, high-technology solutions usually are not welcomed as positive developments by people who are prone to be adverse to change. Thus, managing change involves leading the people in the organization to overcome the natural inertia that makes change not easy to implement. There are lessons, too, that Bert Painter did not so much dwell on. For one, it must be understood that the setting up of the company’s improved systems by itself will not boost the revenues generated and will not endear the company to its customers. The same improved systems also will not help the company win the loyalty of its employees. Thus, the interrelationships of people within the organization must not tend toward becoming less personal, not even if more and more old routines that used to foster camaraderie among them are becoming obsolete. Furthermore, there are alignment difficulties that will have to be dealt with during the critical learning stage. In the case of WCB, some of them already have taken form. In such a situation, it is important that professional Information Technology (IT) groups with impressive track records be tapped to address the company’s needs throughout the transition phase. It will entail costs to avail of their services, but it will save the company from losing more in terms of adverse consequences of a poorly managed transition. Without a doubt, the successful upgrading of information systems will, in the end, turn out to be the right move. Work Cited Khalifa, Mohamed. Introduction: Evolving Role of IT. Khalifa, Mohamed. Fundamentals of E-Business.

Comparison and Analysis of Healthcare Systems

Comparison and Analysis of Healthcare Systems Abstract Health care plans are important components of health care systems of every country. A health care plan essentially facilitates the provision of health care to people living within a country or jurisdiction. There are millions of people who do not have access to health care across the world. This problem faces many countries including the United States where 15% of residents do not have access to health care insurance. The lack of access to health care by the population may be attributed to weaknesses in healthcare plans in different countries. It is therefore important to assess the weaknesses and strengths of different healthcare plans across the globe with a view to embracing the strengths of different healthcare plans and eliminating the weaknesses in these plans. The paper will evaluate healthcare plans in United States of America, Russia, Algeria and Bangladesh. These countries were chosen since they represent diversity as they are located in different continents, that is, North America, Europe, Africa and Asia respectively. The findings will reveal that developed countries such as Russia and the United States face challenges such as inaccessibility to healthcare insurance by citizens while developing countries such as Bangladesh and Algeria, the major challenges are inadequate funding for healthcare and lack of healthcare infrastructure and personnel to meet the healthcare needs of the population. The paper recommends that governments across the world allocate higher investment in healthcare infrastructure and personnel, collaborate with private sector to ensure different population segments have access to healthcare services at affordable costs and investment in preventive medicine to ensure that people do not succumb to avoidable illnesses. Finally, countries should explore alternative medicine including traditional medicine to ensure a larger proportion of people have access to healthcare services and invest in new technology and techniques in medicine including telemedicine to ensure people have access to healthcare services irrespective of location barriers. Introduction Healthcare is an important need which every human being requires to survive. Healthcare systems are equally important for all states since they meet healthcare needs of different population segments. Countries with healthy workers are more likely to achieve higher growth and development levels. An effective healthcare plan should provide for different aspects of healthcare including health care providers, healthcare funding, healthcare service provision and healthcare personnel among other aspects. Different countries have different healthcare plans with various weaknesses and strengths. However, many healthcare plans face challenges in funding and this is the reason many people do not have access to healthcare insurance or services globally. In order to ensure that each country has an effective healthcare plan, it is important to analyze different strategies which have been implemented by countries in different continents. As previously stated, this paper will analyze the healthcare systems present in the United States of America, Russia, Algeria and Bangladesh. The strengths of healthcare plans in Russia, Algeria and Bangladesh will be replicated to the United States plan in order to improve its efficiency. The United States health care plan is one of the best in the world. In this plan, healthcare is provided by collaboration between the government and private sector although the latter provides greater healthcare cover to ensure healthcare services are accessible by all. The government provides healthcare services through programs which include Medicaid, Medicare, Veterans Health Administration and the Childrens Health Insurance Programs (Christensen Jason, 2009). It offers efficient healthcare services to the majority of the population although one major weakness is that it is inaccessible by over 15% of the population due to lack of health care insurance. Healthcare in Russia on the other hand is also advanced and the country boasts of more healthcare workers, hospitals and physicians per capita than all countries in the world. The country relies on a modern Vision 2020 Health Plan which aims at increasing life expectancy and reducing the high mortality rate. It aims at increasing life expectancy to 75 years and reducing heart attacks and strokes, a major cause of Russian mortalities, by 20%. Healthcare provision in Algeria is not comparable with developed countries. There are few hospital beds, physicians and poor access to sanitation and water, all of which undermine healthcare provision. Although the healthcare policy focuses on prevention of disease, poor sanitation and lack of access to water causes measles, hepatitis, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery. Healthcare in Bangladesh is also relatively poor with more than 60% of the population lacking access to modern healthcare services. Its huge population of over 100 million people serves to exhaust the limited health resources present with projections expecting it to increase to over 200 million by 2035. Although Algeria and Bangladesh have poor healthcare service plans, there may be positive attributes which may be adopted by the US healthcare plan. Further analysis into these healthcare plans will reveal whether the United States should borrow any effective healthcare plans from Russia, Algeria and B angladesh. This analysis will be undertaken below; Analysis of health care plan for selected countries United States healthcare plan The United States healthcare plan is one of the most efficient in the world. As previously stated, most of the healthcare service provision is undertaken by the private sector although the government offers healthcare through programs such as Medicaid, Medicare, Veterans Health Administration and the Childrens Health Insurance Programs. The US spends more funds on healthcare per person compared to the rest of the UN states apart from East Timor. However, despite the investment in healthcare, approximately 35% of people are underinsured and 15% are uninsured. Although more funds are spent on healthcare compared to many other states, there are complaints that the healthcare services provided are not commensurate to the money paid. The US faces low life expectancy at 42 and high infant mortality rate compared to many developed nations. Usually, healthcare is paid for using health insurance through various programs including government programs, individual program, employers program or s pousal benefits from employers. Non-profit organizations sometimes cater for charity cases for those who cannot afford insurance. Emergency care is however provided to all irrespective of whether they can afford treatment or not. Strengths and weaknesses There are several strengths and weaknesses of the US healthcare plan. Strengths include accessibility to modern technology and a large number of physicians to cater for healthcare needs of patients. The US healthcare plan also ensures all people have access to emergency care irrespective of whether they can afford it or not, which ensures lives are saved in cases of emergencies. The fact that the private sector and government collaborate to provide healthcare ensures that a larger number of people are covered and have access to healthcare services. Finally, the large expenditure by government on healthcare ensures that better healthcare services are provided to all. However, there are certain weaknesses in the healthcare plan and the first is the inaccessibility of health insurance by many. Over 15% of people in the US do not have access to healthcare insurance and 35% of people are underinsured (Mahar, 2006). This is a weakness since a large number of people cannot access healthcare as a result. There are also weaknesses in quality of healthcare provided with complaints that the services received for healthcare are not commensurate to payments made. Finally, the low life expectancy at 42, and high infant mortality rate compared to many developed nations, reveals weaknesses in healthcare service provision. Russia health care plan As discussed in the introduction, Russia boasts of more healthcare workers, hospitals and physicians per capita than all countries in the world. Healthcare in Russia is also funded through partnership between the private sector and government. Healthcare is paid through healthcare insurance and there are over 300 insurers who operate currently in the healthcare system. However, it faces challenges in high mortality rates and low life expectancy. As a result, the government developed a Vision 2020 Plan which aims at increasing the life expectancy and reducing the mortality rate (Field, 2001). There is optimism that the plan will work especially with the involvement of the public in developing this healthcare plan. The new healthcare plan also aims at promoting healthy lifestyles, improving paramedic services for accident victims, developing Russian medicines, improving blood service, improving early cancer detection and increasing access to medical technology by the population. The go vernment is also encouraging more women to conceive through increased child support benefits and incentives to women who have more than two children. Strengths and weaknesses There are several weaknesses and strengths which are associated with Russias healthcare plan. Strengths include the Vision 2020 Plan which aims at increasing the life expectancy and reducing the mortality rate, which will improve the quality of life of population. This healthcare plan will address various healthcare issues including development of medicines, early cancer detection, medical technology accessibility, increased child births and blood service among others. Another strength of Russias healthcare plan is the large number of hospitals and physicians available to patients, with Russia boasting of more healthcare workers, hospitals and physicians per capita than all countries in the world. Weaknesses include the high mortality rates and low life expectancy. These are attributable to drug abuse, high suicide rates and increased cardiovascular illnesses. Poor service provision is also another challenge and this is traced to a decrease in funding to healthcare provision after th e 1980s. Algerias health care plan As earlier stated, healthcare provision in Algeria is not comparable with developed countries, with few hospital beds, physicians and poor access to sanitation and water, all of which undermine healthcare provision. Healthcare primarily focuses on prevention of disease as opposed to treatment due to the low age of the average population. The healthcare in Algeria also focuses on providing free healthcare to poor people who cannot afford healthcare services. The private sector and government provide healthcare to the people although the larger proportion of care is provided by the government. Since the 1980s, average investment in healthcare by the government has increased by over 20% which has improved quality of care (Oxford Business Group, 2008). There are a few foreigners who practice medicine in Algeria and these are from Russia, France, Vietnam and Eastern Europe. The government requires doctors to work in public hospitals for at least five years before commencing service to pri vate hospitals. However, the average quality of care compared to developed nations is low due to problems facing the country including poor sanitation and lack of access to water which leads to measles, hepatitis, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery. There is also limited access to healthcare services by the population due to a limitation in hospitals and healthcare personnel present. Strengths and weaknesses There are various strengths and weaknesses which are associated with healthcare provision in Algeria. Strengths include the fact that the government finances treatment for poor people who cannot afford healthcare services which ensures that the poor have access to healthcare. The average investment in healthcare by the government since 1980s has increased by over 20% which has improved quality of care and this is another benefit. Algerias healthcare plan primarily focuses on prevention of disease as opposed to treatment and this is one of the most effective strategies applied to any healthcare plan. Finally, the government requirement that doctors work in public hospitals for at least five years before commencing service to private hospitals ensures that few doctors immigrate to foreign countries or private hospitals before offering service to public hospitals where the larger proportion of the poor seek healthcare service. Weaknesses in the healthcare plan in Algeria includes poor s anitation and lack of access to water which faces the country, which leads to measles, hepatitis, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery. These diseases are all deadly and have contributed to the high mortality rates in Algeria. Another weakness is the low average quality of care provided for citizens, in comparison to care provided for by developed countries. This requires more government investment in healthcare and external support from international partners. Finally, the few hospitals, healthcare physicians and limitation of healthcare technology is another weakness which is present in the Algerian healthcare plan. Bangladesh healthcare plan Healthcare provision in Bangladesh is also relatively poor with more than 60% of the population lacking access to modern healthcare services. There is a shortage in physicians, hospitals and technology for use in healthcare. The large population of over 100 million also strains the few medical infrastructures available. However, the government has increased investment in healthcare over the years and significant gains are beginning to be realized. For instance, vaccine coverage in the country is one of the highest in the world, with 90% of children being vaccinated against a host of diseases. Public hospitals are mainly used for preventive and inpatient care while private ones are mostly used for outpatient care. A blend of traditional and modern medicine is used to cure a variety of diseases in Bangladesh. However, the private sector is mostly unregulated with people selling drugs and providing treatment having no professional background in medicine. This sometimes causes major heal th complications to patients. Healthcare is provided at different levels ranging from hospital care to home visits. Bangladesh however has a problem of inadequate healthcare physicians and hospitals to cater for healthcare needs for its large population. Strengths and weaknesses There are different weaknesses and strengths which are associated with the Bangladesh healthcare plan. The first strength is the large coverage of vaccine treatment which prevents many diseases amongst children. The second strength of this healthcare plan is the use of both traditional and modern medicine which addresses a host of illnesses. This medicine is provided at different levels including the hospital levels and family levels to ensure different population segments have access to different healthcare services. The increase in government investment in healthcare is another strength which strives to improve quality of healthcare accessed by the population. However, there are various weaknesses which are associated with healthcare provision in Bangladesh. The first is the limited healthcare infrastructure available which cannot cater for the large population. There are limited healthcare physicians and hospitals which limit the number of people with access to healthcare services . More than half the population cannot access healthcare services. Another weakness is poor regulation of people offering traditional medicine. As discussed, many people selling drugs and providing traditional treatment have no professional background in medicine. This threatens the lives of patients who seek healthcare services from them. Comparison of countries health care plan with US health care plan and aspects which should be borrowed by the United States The various healthcare plans for the United States, Bangladesh, Russia and Algeria have been discussed in detail in the paper. Each healthcare plan has different weaknesses and strengths. The United States has a relatively efficient plan although many residents do not have access to insurance. Russia has many healthcare physicians and hospitals although the mortality rate is high and life expectancy high due to preventable diseases. Algeria has an effective healthcare policy which focuses on preventative care although low investment in healthcare and poor water and sanitation facilities has undermined the success of the healthcare plan. Bangladesh has a broad traditional and modern medicine approach at different levels although high population growth rates and poor regulation of traditional medicine has undermined the system. There are various aspects of these health care systems which should be embraced by the United States in order to improve healthcare service provision. This will be discussed in this section of the paper and it will be done on a country by country basis. The United States may replicate Russias system where a broad vision is developed with realistic targets which are meant to improve service provision. This vision should aim at reducing the number of people without access to healthcare insurance and reducing healthcare costs to the average citizen. This system should be developed in consultation with citizens as Russia did to ensure its overall success. The United States should also borrow various aspects from the Bangladesh system. It should offer medical care at different levels and consider investing in home visits for patients who cannot access healthcare services. The United States should also consider alternative forms of medical care including traditional medicine since it is proven to cure some conditions and illnesses just as effectively as modern medicines (Starr, 2001). Finally, the United States should replicate some effective strategies from the Algerian healthcare system including investing in preventive care, which is o ne of the most effective strategies in tackling modern illnesses and conditions. The government should also consider paying healthcare costs for the poor as it currently practiced in Algeria, which will ensure that more people have access to high quality healthcare services. Summary and conclusion The paper has analyzed the healthcare systems and plans for four countries including the United States, Russia, Bangladesh and Algeria. These healthcare plans have been seen to have different weaknesses and strengths which have been discussed in the paper. Developed countries including the United States and Russia have been seen to have different challenges in healthcare compared to developing countries such as Algeria and Bangladesh. Although Russia and the US have access to higher funding and investment in healthcare, they still have a significant portion of their population without access to healthcare insurance. Algeria and Bangladesh face challenges in funding and improving the quantity and quality of healthcare infrastructure including hospitals and number of physicians. It is the responsibility of governments across the world to ensure that citizens have access to high quality healthcare services. This can be achieved by higher investment in healthcare infrastructure and perso nnel as well as adopting successful practices in different nations. Developed nations should help fund healthcare in developing nations which face challenges in funding. Governments should also collaborate with private sector to ensure different population segments have access to healthcare services at affordable costs. Investment in preventive medicine will ensure that people do not succumb to avoidable illnesses. Alternative medicine including traditional medicine should also be explored since this will ensure a larger proportion of people have access to healthcare services. Finally, countries should explore new technology and techniques in medicine including telemedicine to ensure people have access to healthcare services irrespective of location barriers. This will ensure that all countries enjoy higher life expectancy levels and lower mortality levels.

Following The Article In The S :: essays research papers

Following the article in the Standard Newspaper dated 8/07/1998 on â€Å"Customer Care Improvement by Robert L Fousler (MD) Consultant s for Effective Training, I am in total agreement with him concerning the points that he has put forth concerning Customer Care within business organizations. Customer Care is an important point in management and should be carried out by any manager within any business organization irrespective of what departments he is directly of indirectly in charge of. It is important to note that a business or organization cannot effectively attract customers /clients if it cannot deal with its internal clients. In any business/organization, internal clients are the employees within the organization. Mr. Fousler mentions that in Kenya, many industries in the market and developing from a â€Å"Sellers† market into a â€Å"Buyers† market. This means that the only difference between one Seller and another will be in the quality of the service rendered to them. In addition to this, the expectations and demands of clients have been increasing and have been rapidly dynamic over the past five years and in order for you to please, and indeed, maintain a client then the services rendered to them should be adequate and ready to fulfill their needs. Most service industries, if not all, are all client/customer oriented and they depend on the client to pay for their services that are intangible. With this in mind, it is in their best interest to ensure that the services they offer are useful to the client and that the Customer Support is highly advanced and effectively operational. In reference to this, it is important for organizations, particularly those in the service industry, to realize that their future success is dependant on managers viewing their staff as the most important assets they have and that everything depends on how they work as a team. He goes on to mention that Customer Care skills should not only be offered to staff in service-oriented organizations but to all organizations in general. If people can serve one another and each department serving the other, then the Customer Service skills will be extended to the â€Å"External† customer. He also highlights the importance of Customer Care in any organization and says that it is not wise to train only certain sections in the organization since everything everyone does in the organization has an impact on the client in one way or the other.

A Critical Exploration of Klein’s Discarded Factory in Connection With

There is an undoubtedly enormous influence on the world by consumerism. Consumerism and capitalism shape the nation that we live in today. Everyone knows this because they see advertisements all day long on television, on the radio, on billboards and through hundreds of other mediums. Unfortunately, what the world is not exposed to is what goes on behind the marketing and the ultimate final sale. There is a dark side to capitalism created not only by shady merchants, but the worldwide multi-national companies as well. What both of these excerpts portray is the idea that there is more to the products we buy than we are told, or unfortunately, that we bother to ask about. Through the use of interviewing, traveling, and criticism, these authors do a fine job in analyzing the relationships between branding and marketing, and more importantly, between our modern day consumption habits and hidden production processes. Based on what we see through advertising and what we are told by sales associates in stores, we assume that many of the products that we are exposed to are of high quality, which justifies the high prices. For example, we pay higher prices for a Nike shoe than a brand less shoe because from what we know, it is made better. While some people have the sense to realize that a name doesn’t make that much of a difference, the scale to which we are misled is much greater than we think. Stoller points out one instance on the streets of Harlem in the following passage: And so they traveled uptown to invest in bolts of wholesale ‘Ghanaian kente,’ which they brought to their sweatshops in lower Manhattan, producing hundreds of ‘kente’ caps at a price cheaper than one could get by buying cloth on 125th Street and commission... ...rs were buying the African image. These two authors proved in different ways that there are flaws in consumerism. While Stoller didn’t attack the market as Klein did, he shed light on an underground society that people did not know too much about, even though we see them every day. That idea is eerily similar to multi-national brands that we see every day, doing things that we as consumers unfortunately, do not know too much about. This grand scheme of giving up ethics for an increased profit is not only inconveniencing us consumers on the streets of Manhattan with fake cloth, thanks to Klein, we can see that it is literally destroying the world. Works Cited Stoller, Paul. 2002. Money Has No Smell: The Africanization of New York City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Klein, Naomi. 1999. No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies. Canada: Knopf Canada.

Marriage practices

In the Cooper Eskimos area, the prospective son-in-law worked as a servant for the girl's father for a period of three or four years, generally before she reached puberty. Bride service among the Cooper Eskimos was often Supplemental, and sometimes replaced by payments of valuable articles† (Dams, Divide Demographic Aspects of Central Eskimos Marriage Practices. American Ethnologist, Volvo. 2. No 3 (Gauge 1975). Up. 409-413. Http//www. ASTOR. Org/page/info/about/policies/ terms. Jsp). The three major groups of Eskimos were first designated as tribes by members of the fifth Thule Expedition and these three groups are Guilt, Entitles, and Cooper.Information from Nineteenth and early twentieth century describes that each of the tribal units are relatively discreet. With trade routes that intersect in Central Artic Contract between different tribes is most likely very short. There was intermarriages between Mackenzie Eskimos woman marrying into the Cooper Eskimo tribes. There have also been cases of intermarriages between Flimflamming Eskimos and Entails Eskimos and there also hostility between these two groups also. The Entitles had four cases of polygamy compared to two cases of polyandry. However, the census said otherwise.The Census shows there were three cases of polygamy to two cases of polyandry. â€Å"Rasmussen (1931 : 195) believed that two woman would be more compatible in sharing a husband than two men in sharing a wife. This explanation begs the question of the nature of Eskimo personality. † ( Dams, David. Demographic Aspects of Central Eskimos Marriage Practices. American Ethnologist. Volvo. 2 No. 3 (Gauge. 1975). Up 409-413. Http://www. ASTOR. Org/ page/ info/ about/ politics/ terms. ]SP). The Jewish ethnic traditions has some marriage practices that differ from other traditions. The Mishap's generally are observant and religious.According to Zionist ideology, ethnic intermarriages is a means of creating a single, unified cultures among Jews in Israel ( Risen 1982). Migrate couples were less educated than those of the mixed couples. They usually married with in the Shaken tradition. In the Shaken community the ones who were less educated, married Migrate would Join the next generation. The group of Shaken education is relatively higher than it probably would be if they didn't do the mixed marriages. Education plays a large role in whether they marry into the Shaken or less economically advantaged Mishap's.Patterns of intermarriage are thus challenging concepts of race and ethnicity and are leading to complex views of ethnic and racial boundaries (Harris and Simi 2002; Hiroshima 2003; Roquefort and Brunets 2002). Jews can trace their roots in Israel past their grandparent's generation. In Israel context, the assimilation hypothesis suggest that the greater contact of educated Migrate with Shamanism has led to the erosion of their Migrate ethnic consciousness, more frequent intermarriages, the consequent concentratio n of Migrate ethnicity in the lower classes (Ben-Rafael 1982).A well-off educated Migrate would marry a poorly educated Shaken. Jews consider marriages to be the ideal state of personal existence, when you have a woman without a man and a man without a wife they consider it to be incomplete. Their engagement of marriage was usually brought about by a third person, which was also known as a match-maker. Although the marriages were the concerns of their parents, the children were not forced into marriage over their objections.When they are at the ceremony for marriage, the groom is given the ring and says his declaration, the bride does not have to respond, and she Just accepts the ring from the groom and then closes her hand to show that she accepts. Then the bride and groom drink a glass of wine together. After the ceremony is over the groom steps on glass, the broken pieces of glass is supposed to tell them how many years the marriage will last between the couple. The Jews and Eski mos had some things that each culture's did for their marriage practices that were alike and some that were different.In the Jew culture they married off the girls at a very young age. The parents usually had their children's marriages arranged by a matchmaker. They had confidence that the matchmakers would bring a proper spouse for their daughter to marry. Back then the father could marry off his daughter between the ages of three and twelve years of age, which was known to be called cetacean (little one). Which was completely subject to her father's authority and could arrange the marriage without daughter's approval. The marriages without the daughter's saying â€Å"l want this one†, was considered effective gal marriages.Now the daughters have a say if they want to marry the guy that's picked out for them. If it's not who they want then they go out and find who they want. The Eskimos parents also made marriage arrangements for their daughters. Their marriages were sought through kinship. They were also married off at a young age, married before they had their first menstrual period and began bearing children three to four years later. The men in the two cultures were not able to marry the girls till they could prove they could support them and have a home for them.The Eskimo sys were forced with different sets of requirements, they were not old enough for marriage till they proved themselves capable as hunter and providers. Also had to be able to build a snow house or hunt large game unassisted, he was not considered mature enough to take on and support a wife if he couldn't do them. After they proved those steps then before marriage they had to Join the father in laws house hold. During the trial marriage period they worked for the father in laws for three to four years or until the young couple was mature enough to establish a separate house hold.In the Jews culture the young men Just had to be able to provide a home for their soon to be wife's. O nce the marriages were completely arranged the wedding plans began. The two cultures to me seem to actually have a lot of common marriage practices. Kind of shocking how closely they do things even being two separate cultures. I feel that the children should be able to have a say into who they marry and spend the rest of their lives with. The two cultures that were described in this paper lead to finding regarding the marriage practices of the Jews and Eskimos.