The Effects Of Sex Industry On South Africa s Human...

Commoditizing sex is not a novel concept, it has been around for much of our history, and yet there is much more talk of the sex industry in modern society than it has been in the past. Part of the reason for this has been the oversexualization of Hollywood and the belief that fame is a commodity. Even fleeting fame is idolized, and people ignore the means of achieving fame at the prospect of earning those alluring so-called â€Å"fifteen minutes of fame†. The film Hot Girls Wanted exemplifies this concept. Both this film and Don’t Shout Too Loud display the dark side of the business; the two films to varying degrees. The latter film explored human trafficking as an institution and focused more specifically on the impact the World Cup made on South Africa’s human trafficking problem. Each film impacted my personal understanding of the sex industry. Discussion of the sex industry contemporaneously takes a much more casual tone than in years past. The combinatio n of this relaxed attitude with outright statements defending their involvement in the sex industry as liberating and voluntary led me to extrapolate that as a whole, this was an industry of progress which was on the rise. I believed that consent was universal in this business and never particularly found need to question why or under what circumstances people became involved in that trade. After watching Hot Girls Wanted, and especially Don’t Shout Too Loud, I learned that my belief was fundamentally incorrect. EveryShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Essay793 Words   |  4 Pages02, 2010, 147 years after slavery was abolished, here in the good old USA. Slavery is still in effect; sure the Underground Railroad is gone. This situation is unfortunately far worse – yet many people are unaware of it. Why? The government is paying little attention. With over 17,500 people involved or affected by modern-day slavery here in the US (Silver 6). With a record breaker of 43% the sex industry is on top of the chart (Quoted by Galuszka 1). Our government should be making more effort. WithRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States And Other Countries2192 Words   |  9 PagesSlavery is a type of human servitude, in which individuals were compelled to take after the requests of whoever possesses them. Human trafficking denies individuals of their human rights, and is a worldwide well-being danger. Human trafficking energizes the development of sorted out wrongdoing. At the same time the effect of human trafficking goes past individual exploited people; it undermines the security and security of all countries it touches. Despite the fact that it was canceled in the nineteenthRead MoreThe Problem Of Sex Abuse Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesShe was a sex worker and a mother of one. A recent law enforcement crackdown targeting sex workers led Mariana to work alone that night, rather than as usual with other women, to avoid arrest. 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Socially theRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Form Of Modern Day Slavery2259 Words   |  10 PagesMax Liu Mrs. D English 3 5/9/2016 Issue on Human Trafficking Stott and Ramey stated in their journal: â€Å"Human Trafficking described as a form of modern-day slavery, human trafficking tremendously violates the rights of its victims. Human trafficking is quickly becoming one of the fastest-growing business of organized crime. Bales and Lize explained that human trafficking is a means by which people are brought into as well as maintained in, slavery and forced labor. It is an actual processRead MoreThe Human Rights Crisis Of Girl Sex Trafficking3460 Words   |  14 Pagesdoing a research on Friends of Maiti Nepal, an official US representative of Maiti Nepal. Maiti Nepal is an organization founded by Anuradha Koirala. Friends of Maiti Nepal is a non-profit organization dedicated to addressing the human rights crisis of girl sex-trafficking by supporting Maiti Nepal in its work of prevention, interception, rescue and rehabilitation of victims; and criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Recent studies show that about 20,000 girls are trafficked every year in Nepal. MostRead MoreA Research On Friends Of Maiti Nepal2154 Words   |  9 Pagesdoing a research on Friends of Maiti Nepal, an official US representative of Maiti Nepal. Maiti Nepal is an organization founded by Anuradha Koirala. Friends of Maiti Nepal is a non-profit organization dedicated to addressing the human rights crisis of girl sex-trafficking by supporting Maiti Nepal in its work of prevention, interception, rescue and rehabilitation of victims; and criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Recent studies show that about 20,000 girls are trafficked every year in Nepal. MostRead More Human Trafficking and the International Sex Industry Essay3304 Words   |  14 PagesHuman Trafficking and the International Sex Industry Human trafficking refers to the movement of persons across borders for forced labor, sexual exploitation or other illicit activities. Sex trafficking is the most lucrative sector of human trafficking America, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Eastern Europe, and Russia. The global political economy, political corruption, human rights, gender and ethnic stratification, and migration are all related to human trafficking. In many developing countriesRead MoreHuman Trafficking2466 Words   |  10 PagesCombating Human Trafficking Over the past several years, human trafficking has become a sizable world-wide problem. Human Trafficking has had a considerable affect on the World and United States. To combat this, several laws and initiatives have been enacted. While this allows for some headway in combating this problem, there are still several things that we can do to help. This review of literature on Human Trafficking focuses on these areas and provides the information on the steps thatRead MoreThe Unspoken Captivity : Retrospectives On Human Trafficking3262 Words   |  14 PagesCaptivity: Retrospectives on Human Trafficking Brandon Howell, Kyounga McElroy, Susan Pawlak, Barbara Gardner Davenport University â€Æ' The Unspoken Captivity: Retrospectives on Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a method of modern day slavery which entails the illegal trade of persons for sexual exploitation or forced labor. Each year thousands of men, women and children are victims of this suppression. Countless countries including the United States are affected by trafficking. Habitually, traffickers

Andrew Free Essays

Andrew Springiness Module 1 CSS: Information Networking as Technology: Tools, Uses, and Socio- Technical Interactions DIMMIT: Management of Information Systems and Business Strategy Dry. Mary Lind June 17, 2014 Information Overload â€Å"Are organizations likely to find better solutions to information overload through changes to their technical systems or their social systems or both? Why? To answer this question, this paper will discuss the technical and social systems of companies specifically based on review of the articles by Blair, Belling, et al, Green, ND Lie and Ere as well as other information on related data companies such as Amazon and ASS. The context of the paper will aide in the understanding of an ideal way to process the information present in the market and then use it for company benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrew or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will also review and analyze the importance of info-tsunami in context of specific markers and give specific examples on how data storage and analysis is now the latest trend in the market. Various big data software present in the market and comment on the future trends of the market will be reviewed. Finally, I will propose an answer to the original question posed of what betterment is most important in dealing with information overload social systems, technological systems, or both? History of Data Mining/Sharing In order to truly understand information overload and how to deal with it, we must start by analyzing various aspects of data starting from its history through the current and probable future trends of the market. Today there are zillions of pieces of data in the market growing for over 30% per year bases (Blair, 2010). The roots of the big data come from ancient days when people used to huge manuscripts and biblical resources to pass on the knowledge of present generation to the next one. They not only documented information, but also backed up or made it easier to share that information by creating duplicates of the original work. People with different philosophies discussed the same issues with a different context and vision to give alternate versions of the existing issues. However, this increase in the amount of information collected led to what may have appeared to be an insurmountable collection that could not be fully read in an acceptable amount of time or never being blew to find specific information, which could be described as an information overload (Blair, 2010). People would have too much information to sift through to find what they needed, which would need to lead to an evolution in that form of data storage such as different note-taking capabilities as well as organization (Blair, 2010). Note- taking capabilities enabled the researchers to organize the structure of different ancient texts and later on printing evolved the structure of writing as indexes and bibliographies became norm for the research papers, which helped people to find he specific information they were looking for or the source of more information. Encyclopedias were created to serve as a set of easily accessible and searchable information on a broad amount of topics. Also, the advent of the Dewey Decimal System meant that a lot of general information could be found in a short amount of time. The Dewey Decimal Classification initially sorts information into 10 categories, and then into another 100 sub-categories, giving you 1, 000 specific categories to search (University Library, n. D. ). For example, you could search the ass’s for Technology or Applied Sciences categories and find sub-category (also known as a â€Å"call number†) 621 and search specifically for Applied Physics (University Library, n. D. ). All of these things lead to less of a feeling of information overload as people did not need to spend a lifetime searching for the data that they needed. However, personal collection of information would take up large amounts of space. Fast forward time a millennia or two and you have the advent of electronic media, which meant that a galore of information could be stored in a much smaller space. This educed limits of how much information people and organizations could collect. People and organizations could now store a large amount of information onto cassettes, disks, diskettes, compact discs, etc. Rather than in hundreds or thousands of books or written documents. Today, we can carry a flash drive with a program to read electronic books as well as hundreds or thousands of electronic books that is the size off pack of chewing gum. In addition to the space, the information itself was now only a touch away. People no longer needed to use indexes or bibliographies as they could sears for keywords and a computer would help to find he information they were looking for. Computer systems can search through programs, documents, or the world wide web and find information that people are looking for in milliseconds. However, there is now also a feeling that maybe there is too much information accessible through the internet nowadays. We are at a point where there is what appears to be an insurmountable pile of information available on the internet, even when computer systems help us sift through the information. Companies may again have to sift through a lot of minutia in order to get the specific information they need. In another point of view, there were initial concerns regarding the electronic system of storage. There have been many instances where digital data has been hacked or accessed without the consent of the original writer in order to change the information or utilize it for other purposes than it was originally intended. There is also the possibility of data redundancy and the fear of data getting lost of due hardware complications. However, with the advent of more and more advance technologies in data storage and sharing electronic storage, there are greater security and back-up procedures added to hardware and software. This leads to the it is the only feasible medium conceivable in the future. Data Analysis To help understand information overload, data analysis must be defined. According to Russell Kickoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories: data, information, knowledge, understanding, and wisdom (Belling, Castro, Mills, 2004). According to Belling, et al (2004), the data can be described as symbols; information is â€Å"data that can be processed to be useful† and provides answers to four of the five Was (who, hat, where, and when); knowledge is â€Å"the application of data and information† and answers the question of how; understanding gives an â€Å"appreciation of the question of why’; and wisdom is an elevated level of â€Å"evaluated understanding. † Data is seen as a raw entity which, for the proposes of this research paper, only exists either in digital or in ink. The significance of data is to be present in any accessible format to the user. Information is the processed data and it is specific to any context to the user. Knowledge is the output gained from that information, essentially by realizing tatters formed by information. Although ultimately wisdom will help with future operations, industry is primarily concerned regarding retrieving knowledge, as this parameter is a tool which is used by the company to either make direct or indirect revenues. Knowledge is the basic building block of data analysis that can be gained directly from computer software. Companies such as MM, Accentuate and other consulting companies are focus teams to exploit knowledge as a parameter to give specific insights for industries and sectors. Understanding is one step ahead of knowledge in which problems are solved in a specific context. Understanding is the point which the reason for the patterns discerned from knowledge can be understood. It is involved in selecting the required information and processing it to provide the best solutions for a specific problem or multiple problems. Getting to the understanding phase is difficult with such a superfluous amount of data available to companies. In modern era this process is called Data Analytics or Just Analytics. This is slightly different according to Green (2010) who refers to only four sections of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The first three sections namely data, information, and knowledge are concepts of past data, but wisdom is a future analysis and vision concept. It develops our internal experience which helps in our future decision making. Wisdom is very similar to understanding, with the main difference being that wisdom allows one to predict fracture outcomes based on understanding the reasons behind specific patterns and how changes will affect behaviors of related processes. The first four sections can be represented in a hierarchy and the level of complexity will increase downwards from data to wisdom. In addition, the amount of effort and technological resources used will decrease from top to bottom as you require maximum resources to build and maintain data. The advance methods of data capturing tools have been efficient in blurring the lines between information and knowledge as companies are becoming efficient in data analysis. Socio-Technical System According to Lie and Ere (2006), â€Å"the Socio-Technical Systems theory considers that every organization is made up of people (the social system) using tools, techniques and knowledge (the technical system) to produce goods and services that are valued y customers (who are part of the organization’s external environment). Essentially, this can be described as the interaction between personnel in an organization, or people in general, with that of technology. People and employees have certain behaviors that may need to be modified along with technology in order to create an optimized process or improve quality of fife. The Socio-Technical Systems theory also considers the usage of social information and incorporates it into the development of technology to make it more relevant an d desired. Amazon’s Analytics Concept Data analysis has now become a latest trend in the market. Amazon. Com has become a leader in promoting the analytics-as-a-service concept. They are approaching this as a cloud-enabled business model and not Just an innovation in the industry. It is a great model and will provide as an alternative having better architectural patterns to Justify business priorities. Amazon aims at firms dealing with large amount of data and need flexible infrastructure. Targeted domains in web analytics include gene sequencing, cyber- security, human resource workforce and others. The challenge is to bind data and draw insights without building complex entities and spending years in restoring those entities. Predicting entities infrastructure is yet emerging and the case is not trivial for Amazon. The model is to give forecast estimations to the companies using their own data which stored with Amazon cloud computing servers. Additionally, Amazon uses data analysis to evaluate data on historical purchases and â€Å"wish-lists† to predict the amount of specific products that will be ordered and need to be shipped to certain locations (Devils, 2014). Amazon can then pre-ship items to hubs in bulk shipments prior to people ordering, which saves in future costs and enables faster shipping services (Devils, 2014). Role of Advance Technology in Data Analysis and Future Trends Technology plays a crucial role for big data analysis as it enables the forecasters to apply the data onto the model and get significant results. With tests such as the Durbin Watson Test, white noise is a small statistical test but needed to implement on all of the data to identify the required useful parameters. There are trillions of megabytes worth of data in companies. So, how are results found using simple tools such as excel which, according to Microsoft Office (n. D. ), has a limitation of â€Å"1 ,048,576 rows by 16,384 columns? † Dedicated servers and software’s are built and designed specifically for these kinds of requirements. The open source language R is specially built for statistical operations, to extract and interpolate data and can run on multiple operating systems (Wirtschaftuniversitat Wine, n. D. ). A lot of additional software has also come along the way. Some of these include SAPS, ASS, Maintain, Stats, Jump, Mathematical and others. All have their pros and cons but ASS and SAPS are considered two of industry favorites (Munched, 2014). Another technology which is on the rise is Apache Hoodoo. Hoodoo is designed to create a partition in the virtual memory and allows different users to implement the same function on large databases to give the results (The Apache Software Foundation, 2014). It is more of a server application and can be combined and other technologies to get optimum results. To solve the memory problem these days, companies are shifting to cloud computing as an alternative. Cloud computing is where all the data is saved n the dedicated servers of a third party vendor and not with the company itself. Whenever the data is required it is processed from those servers and for each transaction a certain sum is paid by the company to the third party. Although cloud computing isn’t 100% effective all of the time either as several companies have found out in the past decade according to Dan Mariner’s (2013). In the next five years, a trend of adaptation of analytics in more and more countries and in different domains can easily be predicted. As of now, pharmaceutical industry has endorsed use of clinical trails led by analytics. Also, the concept of â€Å"Moneybags† has been in used in baseball for several years now. Additionally, credit risk has been managed by these same analytical financial models. All signs for the rising demand of analytics in future. Software’s like ASS, Hoodoo are here to stay and we will see more data managing software been introduced in the industry. Analytics will act as a backbone of E-commerce industry driving their profits and market share. In the future, big data analysis will not Just be a tool to gain competitive edge but will become a necessity for the survival of the company in highly competitive market. In marry, information and its quest have been long running from the past. Companies are inclined to use as much information possible to enhance their productivity and achieve competitive level in the ever evolving market. The trends of the market suggests that companies are more inclined to use technology and data mining software and there dependency has been shifting from senior officials to software inputs. Still the importance of experience cannot be neglected and companies must make a balance between the two to achieve high growth rates. I believe the priority will focus on improvement of the technical system; however, any many that refuses to look at the importance of the social system will continuously see high turnover rates. References Blair, A. (2010) Information Overload, Then and Now. How to cite Andrew, Papers

Domestic Violence In America Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Domestic Violence In America Essay, Research Paper Domestic Violence in America Domestic maltreatment in the United States is a large-scale and complex societal and wellness job. The household is possibly the most violent group, with the place being the most violent American establishment or puting today ( Lay, 1994 ) . Sadly plenty, the bulk of people who are murdered are non likely killed by a alien during a hold-up or similar offense but are killed by person they know. Not surprisingly, the Center for Disease Control and bar has identified interpersonal force as a major public wellness job ( Velson-Friedrich, 1994 ) . Current estimations suggest that three to four million adult females are the victims of physical maltreatment by their intimate spouses ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the FBI, some signifier of domestic force occurs in half of the places in the United States at least one time a twelvemonth ( Dickstein, 1988 ) . In world one out of every six marriages the married woman is physically abused. Every 15 seconds a adult females is battered in the United States. Daily, four American adult females lose their lives to their hubbies or fellows, bing more than tierce of all female homicide victims ( WAC, 1994 ) . These Numberss report that excessively much force is directed toward adult females. Historically, domestic force has been a downplayed and, frequently, culturally condoned, American tradition. In the colonial period, Torahs derived from English common-law permitted a adult male to crush his married woman when she acted in a mode that he believed to be inappropriate. For illustration, the alleged # 8220 ; Rule of Thumb # 8221 ; jurisprudence, which permitted a hubby to crush his married woman with a stick that could be no larger than the perimeter of his pollex, was in consequence until the terminal of the 19th century ( Dickstein, 1988 ) . The issue of domestic force, particularly married woman maltreatment, foremost gained national attending in 1974 with the publication of Scream Quietly or the Neighbors Will Hear by Erin Pizzey, the laminitis of Chiswick # 8217 ; s Women # 8217 ; s Aid, a shelter in England for beat-up adult females. Pizzey # 8217 ; s work helped to excite feminist concern and indignation over married woman whipping, verbal maltreatment, fiscal limitations and societal isolation of adult females by their hubbies ( Utech, 1994 ) . Shortly thenceforth, the adult females # 8217 ; s release motion, through the National Organization for Women ( NOW ) , advocated for the terminal of force against adult females and sought improved societal services for beat-up married womans. NOW besides was actively engaged in advancing shelter places and buttonholing congressional leaders for statute law that would ensue in better intervention and protection of adult females # 8217 ; s wellness and wellbeing ( Utech, 1994 ) . The medical profession was greatly affected by the protagonism of the adult females # 8217 ; s release motion and has, in recent old ages, attempted to battle this societal ailment both by itself and in coordination with the legal and societal service professions. For illustration, get downing in 1992, the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, required that all commissioned infirmaries implement policies and processs for placing, handling and mentioning victims of maltreatment ( Mason, 1993 ) . This included in-service preparation plans for staff members of their exigency sections and ambulatory attention installations ( Mason, 1993 ) . In 1994, 83 organisations, including the American Nurses # 8217 ; Association and the American Bar Association, met to place spreads and barriers between the wellness attention bringing and condemnable justness systems in covering with household force instances. Among their recommendations were the undermentioned: a mec hanism for community professional coordination in appraisal to maximise household safety ; the creative activity of community-based household force coordination councils ; and the demand to set up, in every community, a comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and accessible intercession system for household force that links wellness, justness, mental wellness, societal service, and educational systems ( Stanley, 1994 ) . In add-on, the American Medical Association ( AMA ) published guidelines for Health attention professionals to utilize in placing domestic force victims. Violent households are easy to depict but hard to explicate. Research on household maltreatment has, on a consistent footing, found that the phenomenon is associated with intergenerational transmittal, low socioeconomic position, societal and structural emphasis, societal isolation, and personality jobs or abnormal psychology ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . Traditional theories on the causes of domestic maltreatment focal point on such factors as people # 8217 ; s single features and life experiences, including the presence of jobs such as societal and structural emphasis, societal disaffection, unemployment, poorness, substance maltreatment, past kid maltreatment, personality upsets, abnormal psychology, and depression ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . However, theories centered on these variables fail to explicate why the bulk of the population that does non see domestic maltreatment, whether as a victim or a culprit, are non affected by these variables. Additionally, research has demonstrated the riddance of personal jobs, such as the 1s listed supra, does non lend to stoping domestic maltreatment in a relationship. Nevertheless, for the intent of bordering peculiar surveies of domestic maltreatment, these theoretical attacks are still of import. Due to each theory # 8217 ; s failing, it is of import for research workers to follow a theoreticall y holistic attack. The fact that each instance of domestic maltreatment is slightly different signifier another calls for utilizing a assortment of theoretical orientations to better analyze the nature and extent of this pressure job. While domestic maltreatment can be studied through # 8220 ; mental lenses # 8221 ; that are psychological or sociological in nature, it is of import besides to analyze this issue from a medical/public wellness position. While many theories have been proposed to explicate the causes of household maltreatment, one of the most utile has been the societal acquisition theory. Bandura ( 1977 ) proposed that larning be composed of both a mold constituent and # 8220 ; mutual influence # 8221 ; . The latter suggests that we can determine our hereafters by act uponing our environments. In explicating how societal acquisition theory explains household maltreatment, O # 8217 ; Leary ( 1988 ) analyzed the effects of patterning on behaviour, the function of emphasis, the usage of intoxicant, the presence of relationship dissatisfaction, and aggression as a personality manner ( cited of Yegidis, 1992 ) . Modeling involves the observation by the kid of physical aggression by the parents or the direct experience of holding been physically abused. In a survey of married woman maltreatment and matrimonial colza, it was found that sing parental force was every bit of import in making a future form of maltreatment as the direct experience of kid maltreatment itself. Modeling, hence, increases the likeliness that one will utilize force in order to manage interpersonal troubles ( Yegidis, 1992 ) . Extensive literature exists on the relationship between emphasis, defeat, and aggression. Stress entirely does non do force, but it may be a stimulation that serves to elicit some persons. Overall, maltreaters by and large tend to possess an aggressive personality manner. Consequently, people possessing this trait are more likely to acquire angry than others and may really acquire angrier more frequently than others. Research suggests that there may be two of import facets to the relationship between household maltreatment and intoxicant. Very frequently, the opprobrious behaviour of the culprit is permitted and excused by the victim because the culprit was under the influence of intoxicant. On the other manus, intoxicant usage by victims leads to a numbing consequence every bit good as feelings of impotence. Domestic maltreatment typically follows a # 8220 ; rhythm of force # 8221 ; form. There are three stages in the rhythm of force: tension-building, acute banging and the honeymoon stage. During the tension-building stage, the batterer becomes progressively dark, hostile and critical of his spouse. Minor buffeting incidents may happen. During the acute banging stage, the batterer is likely to assail the victim. Major assault of the victim, physically and psychologically, normally distinguishes the ague buffeting incident from the minor banging incidents that may happen during the tension-building stage. Shortly after the ague buffeting stage is the honeymoon stage. The batterer may apologise, implore forgiveness, or assure that the violent behaviour will neer go on once more. An estimated three to four million adult females yearly in the United States are the victims of physical maltreatment by their intimate spouses ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the Uniform Crime Report ( UCR ) of the FBI, a hubby or boyfriend slayings 30 per centum of adult females killed in the United States. In add-on, force is the 2nd prima cause of hurts to adult females ages 15 through 44 old ages of age ( Velsor-Friedrich, 1994 ) . Most attackers will frequently impute their opprobrious behaviour to external causes, while victims attribute the maltreatment to internal factors within themselves or situational factors about the maltreater ( e.g. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s merely because he has been imbibing # 8221 ; ) . The frequent happening of victim self-blame is reinforced by societal attitudes which are responsible for frequently faulting the adult female for motivating the maltreatment or non go forthing her maltreater ( Harris A ; Cook, 1994 ) . There are legion replies to the normally asked inquiry of why a adult female would remain in an opprobrious relationship. For many adult females, no other beginnings of fiscal support or lodging exist. The duty of child care further complicates the job. The most serious ground for concern is the fright of requital by the maltreater. Batterers often threaten to kill the adult female or other household members if they tell anyone that they are being beaten. Despite the maltreatment, a adult female may still love her spouse and, cons equently, will lie to protect him. Many victims possess low self-prides caused by perennial maltreatment, both physical and emotional, and believe that they don’t merit aid. Finally, the pure fact of being embarrassed or ashamed may be sufficient ground for the victim to remain. The term domestic force against work forces causes many Americans to respond with incredulity. Abused hubbies are a frequent subject for gags. Family maltreatment is straight linked to position in the household and socialisation. There are many serious effects of society # 8217 ; s reluctance to see the potency for domestic maltreatment by female. In our society, a big figure of misss are told to slap a male child if he gets # 8220 ; fresh # 8221 ; . Movies and telecasting plans display scenes of adult females pluging and slapping work forces with complete impunity, while the spectator normally reacts with support for the adult females # 8217 ; s character. While a smack is normally a harmless act, it is of import to see that a smack is still a violent act. A common inquiry exists when analyzing domestic maltreatment against work forces: if work forces are normally bigger and stronger than adult females, so why Don # 8217 ; T they try to protect themselves: It is of import to look at this issue from a kid development point of view. At the same clip that misss are being taught that it is acceptable to slap a male child, male childs are being told to neer hit a miss. The figure of instances and the badness and form of the force used against the victims are the major factors distinguishing work forces # 8217 ; s force against adult females from the force of adult females against work forces. The civil protection order and the condemnable tribunal procedure are effectual tools for protecting about all heterosexual male victims because adult females seldom attempt # 8220 ; separation force, # 8221 ; the force that consequences as the victim efforts to go forth the maltreater ( Pence A ; Paymar, 1995 ) . Why do work forces remain? Although they may non be victimized if they leave their partner, there are many grounds why abused work forces stay in their violent places. Abused work forces, like abused adult females, fear that if they leave their partner, the maltreatment that they have encountered may be directed against their kids. Additionally, many work forces are hesitating to go forth since adult females get physical detention of kids in a big bulk of divorce instances. They may besides fear that the tribunals will restrict kids trial and entree. Deciding to go forth an opprobrious relationship is merely one portion of the job for an abused male. Another portion is taking where to travel since really few shelters exist for them to happen safety. A assortment of plans exist to assist opprobrious work forces control their force more efficaciously, nevertheless, happening comparable plans that exists for violent adult females is an utmost challenge. Resources and installations that deal with battling domestic force are scarce due to the limited support of societal services. Therefore, it has been suggested that some adult females # 8217 ; s groups are fearful that the little sum of financess that exist for helping abused adult females may be farther lessened if the American populace recognizes that work forces are besides abuse victims. Acknowledging work forces # 8217 ; s victimization does non intend that we must deny that adult females are victims. In fact, groups and bureaus that assist abused adult females could besides w iden their services to help battered work forces and frailty versa. The wellness attention system can play an of import function as an intercession point. As alterations take topographic point in the mode by which wellness attention is delivered, wellness service research workers have begun to analyze ways of making out to persons who require particular attending or attention, that are unable to obtain it. This attack has besides been applied to domestic maltreatment victim wellness services. With the figure of hurts hat domestic maltreatment causes yearly, the wellness attention system has begun to see itself as an of import nexus in assisting ht victims. The wellness attention profession is in a place to place abused victims, administer the proper attention they require, and mention them to necessary societal services. Unfortunately, legion articles report that many wellness attention professionals do non execute these services for beat-up adult females, particularly in the exigency room. Using ethnographic techniques, Sugg and Inue ( 1992 ) concluded that doctors who explored for domestic maltreatment in the wellness attention puting felt the process to be similar to # 8220 ; opening Pandora # 8217 ; s package # 8221 ; , in fact, 18 per centum of the doctors interviewed used that existent phrase. The doctors take parting in this survey ( the bulk of whom were household pattern specializers ) reported such jobs as deficiency of comfort in covering with the issue, fright of piquing the patient, a sense of impotence, loss of control, and clip restraints, all of which constitute barriers to domestic maltreatment acknowledgment and intercession in instances of domestic maltreatment seen in the primary attention puting ( Sugg and Inue, 1992 ) . Analyzing research that investigates wellness professionals # 8217 ; position of domestic maltreatment helps to corroborate the startling world that exists for victims seeking aid. Sadly plenty, as terrible a wellness menace domestic maltreatment airss to adult females, many victims have been, or are presently, misidentified or met with apathy by wellness attention professionals. This phenomenon is due to many factors, the most common of which includes unequal preparation ( many preparation plans do non even discourse domestic maltreatment ) and tendencies toward feelings of # 8220 ; victim faulting # 8221 ; . Many wellness attention professionals adopt the stance that domestic maltreatment is a job that falls outside the spectrum of their occupation description. These professionals view the political orientation of the household as a private sphere and believe troubles inside the place can and should be settled by the household member themselves ( Davison A ; Couns, 1997 ) . Appraisal of maltreatment, whether in female or male, requires a high grade of intuition during the appraisal of the patient. Sadly plenty, doctors fail to ever acknowledge and/or acknowledge the beginning of perennial hurts. One survey found that 35 per centum of female exigency room patients are treated for symptoms related to ongoing maltreatment, but merely about 5 per centum of the adult females are identified as victims of domestic maltreatment ( Bowers, 1994 ) . In 1992, the American Medical Association published Treatment Guidelines on Domestic Violence. Aside from appraisal, suggestions for the doctor to follow in the interview of the victim are mentioned as good. These include: Physicians must inquire direct, specific inquiries to find the happening or extent of maltreatment since many adult females do non recognized that they are battered ; See the possibility of assault when a victim # 8217 ; s account of an hurt does non look plausible, or when the victim has delayed me dical intervention ; The patient may look frightened or nervous or exhibit stress-related symptoms in add-on to physical hurt ; Keeping a complete and elaborate description of the event, in the victim # 8217 ; s ain words if possible and of ensuing hurts, including exposure if applicable ; Being aware that the badness of current or past hurt is non an accurate forecaster of future force, the patients safety should be discussed before go forthing the doctor # 8217 ; s office or intervention centre ; Being aware of local resources to do appropriate referrals ; A doctor who treats a victim and does non ask about domestic maltreatment or accepts an improbable account for the hurt could be held apt if the victim returns to the maltreater and is injure once more ( American Medical Association, 1992 ) . Aside from medical and psychiatric intervention for hurts, possible victims of maltreatment can be given information and guidance form the wellness attention supplier in order to forestall farther victimization episodes. Patients can be informed about the hazard factors involved that would increase the opportunities of serious injury to them. Psychological guidance, administered by either the primary attention supplier or a mental wellness professional, can help the patient in stoping personal relationships with opprobrious persons. Additionally, the patient can be provided with telephone Numberss and encouraged to reach bing community resources such as crisis centres, shelters, protective service bureaus, or the constabulary section if there is fright of hurt ( # 8220 ; Guide to Clinical Preventive Screening, # 8221 ; 1995 ) . It # 8217 ; s astonishing to me that of all offenses in today # 8217 ; s society ; domestic force is the 1 that is still on the rise. It is clip to take domestic force earnestly and battle it sharply. In order for # 8220 ; positive alteration # 8221 ; to happen, our legal system needs to protect the battered and non the batterer. A bulk of beat-up adult females are murdered if they try to go forth an opprobrious state of affairs. Why is that? Because they don # 8217 ; t have the protection they need. The condemnable justness system needs to get down a victim resettlement plan for domestic maltreatment victims. This would guarantee their safety and let them adequate bravery to go forth a atrocious state of affairs. In a state that detests racism and protests animal inhuman treatment so why are adult females and kids still subject to anguish and force in their ain places at the custodies of their hubbies and male parents? In a politically right universe excessively many of us still view adult females and kids as inferior, as belongings. The media portrays adult females as sex symbols and frequently with a really noticeable deficiency of intelligence. Often physicians turn their dorsums on harm left as the consequence of maltreatment because of the fright of abashing their patients ( WAC, 1994 ) . It is clip to declare war on domestic force. Domestic force will ever be a portion of our civilization. Womans are still non considered equal and historically it was acceptable to crush your married woman if she was out of line. With today # 8217 ; s broken matrimonies and extended maltreatment of intoxicant and drugs, the affair will merely acquire worse. If strong enterprises are non instilled now, there will be many unneeded deceases due to the rise in maltreatment. 33f

The British electoral system

Introduction The British electoral system has historically been involved in bi-party elections except in 1923. The modern multiparty day democracy has been restricted to two parties a tradition that borrows from the first-past-the post system in general as well as local elections. The post war conception of the liberalist a conservatism parties has continued to rule the elective regime to the present day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The British electoral system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Small parties have over the years been downplayed by the two major parties that have continued to dominate the voter population. Inadvertently it would be very easy to perceive of the British system as a bipartisan electoral system which isn’t the case. History Progress has been made in as far as reform of the British electoral system with specific regard to the reform act of 1832 which suffered amendment in cons ecutive years to involve the plight of women and attempts to stamp out corrupt election practices that had stained the system in the nineteenth century. It would then see the involvement of 18-20 year old in the voting process as well as the provision for absentee voters. The system has shown progress and continues to change to suit contemporary democratic concerns. The onset of the mass election concept was said to have motivated the need for the adoption of alternative methods of elections. Thanks to political scientists such as John Stuart Mill the intellectual justification that was based on the imminent risk of minority oppression. The tradition had been to allow the citizens to exercise their right to re-elect outstanding individual through the exercise of proportional representation. The proportional representative system was conceived in 1884 to take the place of the first pas the post system. For years reliance was placed on this system to provide quality leadership to parl iament. The growth and development of the nineteenth century organized parties began to gradually take the place earlier occupied by the territorial principle that motivates the popularity system (Curtice and Steed 98–249). The electoral debate spilled over into the early twentieth century provoking the attention of the royal commission which after deliberation and consultation suggested the alternative voting system. This approach was supported by nationalist idealists who sympathetically conceived the approach as an attempt to bring together and mitigate the imminent division in the communities. In preceding years the search for a conclusive legal regime to regulation led to the formulation of the representation of the people bill of 1917 which was followed by the endorsement of the alternative vote system.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The electoral reform debate w as taken up by the liberal party which at the time was said to be losing its position to the labor party. (Kendall and Stuart 98–249) The debate was later abandoned by the resignation of the labor government in 1931only to be picked up by the liberal party in the 1970s. Since then there have been numerous attempted at reform and counter reform of the electoral system to match the growing number of contemporary Argument Integrity It is common ground that there exists an accepted international consensus as far as the basic principles that govern a free and fair election (Benoit 69–83). The concept is built on the principles of the international human rights provisions as well as the civil and political rights convention. The provisions of these conventions require that among other things the elections should be frequently held in line with the universal suffrage doctrine. They should be governed by a set of impartial rules and regulations that oversee the registration of voters including the management and counting of the results of the subsequent elections. This ensures that transparency and fairness is maintained throughout the elections. The elections should also be adequately secured to avoid any chances of violence and duress or undue influence. The media should also provide adequate coverage of the ongoing of the various steps. There should also be a legislative regime to control the level of spending involved in the election to ensure that there is free and fair competition (Curtice and Steed 98–249). The extent to which the modern day British electoral process complies with the above parameters is subject to debate. These principles are assumed to form part of the British unwritten constitution. However the level of compliance shows a negative trend. This has led to the development of research that has led to the development of electoral reforms. Democratic audits dating from back in 1990 have provided a comprehensive assessment of t he extent to which the British electoral system complies with international democracy benchmarks. The 1999 audit suggested that alongside the critical multiple democratic concerns there lay pertinent concerns as to the harmony between the system and the internationally accepted principles and standards such as secret ballot, bribery free elections that have been freed from bribery and intimidation. (Kendall and Stuart 97–183) The system was also accused of lack of attention to the continued reduction in the number of people registering to vote. Throughout the history of the system some prisoners continued to be denied their fundamental right to vote. The same was also done to some categories of old people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The British electoral system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The audit also brought to right the need for a particularized approach to the question of regulated campaign spending. As it were the level of spending does have a bearing on the number of votes that the candidate gets by the end of the campaign. However the restriction was only being observed at the local level and not the national level where it matters most. The local regulations themselves did little in the regulation of the effect of spending on elections. The audit also raises questions of proportionality of the electoral system. The general principle is that one man accounts for one vote and nom more. The electoral system has been often accused of accommodating unconventional practices such as manipulation of boundary reviews. The political resolve has been to invest in swing voters who provide an appropriate opportunity for the influence of electoral outcome. Modern day electoral malpractice Political scientists are at pains to conclusively establish the position of the electoral system today in as far as malpractice is concerned. This to a great extent can be blamed on the lack o f a central body that gathers that gathers data in these respects. The only vivid recourse centers remain with the crown prosecution services, the official statistics on RPA offences and the official statistics on electoral petitions. In the absence of a regulatory regime, the number of electoral offences has been said to grow from 2500 in 2000 and 2006 to 109500 different cases. (Johns and Padgett 203-227) In actuality there has been little evidence to support the claim of electoral malpractice down from year 2000. This is hard to believe especially with the onset of the postal voting practice which involves numerous variables. The reform attempts to increase voter turnout have turned futile and instead have caused low confidence in the electoral system (Curtice and Steed 98–249). The most influential misgiving of the electable system has been the negative impression on elector administration. The burden placed on the commissions is overwhelmingly large and yet there is litt le motivation to alter this stand. Conclusion Different approaches have been made in trying to get around the British electoral system. It is common ground the British system never lacks the necessary criticism.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The various political scientists have tirelessly addressed the need for reform and restructuring of the procedural requirements of the system it would be a great injustice to condemn the system entirely due to its all too conspicuous misgivings. The system has been successful in sticking a reasonable compromise for the British national in as far as leadership is concerned. Therefore the system has not entirely failed in its objective. In the same spirit the competitive and consensus concerns may be used to evaluate the progress of an electoral system. On these parameters the system fails to meet the required provisions required to keep afloat with the emerging modernist ideology and principles of governance. Even more importantly a two party system has been considered as an appropriate motivator of single member popularity and vice versa. In the future it is important that consideration be made to ensure that the electoral system operates in harmony with the international standards as emulated by the United Nations conventions. There is therefore a need for a root and branch reform approach to the revolutionalisation of the British electoral system. Works Cited Benoit, Kenneth. â€Å"Duverger’s Law and the Study of Electoral Systems†. French Politics (2006): 83– 469 Curtice, John and Steed, Michael. ‘Electoral Choice and the Production of Government: The Changing Operation of the Electoral System in the UK Since 1955’. British Journal of Political Science.12 (1982): 98–249 Johns, Robert and Padgett, Steven. â€Å"The role of government: public values and party politics†. In: British Social Attitudes: The 24th Report. Ed. Alison Park et al. London: Sage, 2008, 203-227. Kendall, Maurice and Stuart, Alan. â€Å"Electoral Choice and the Production of Government†: The Changing Operation of the Electoral System in the UK since 1955’. British Journal of Political Science. 12, 1983:96–244 This essay on The British electoral system was written and submitted by user Kendrick Mcdowell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An Introduction to Korsakoffs Syndrome

An Introduction to Korsakoffs Syndrome Korsakoff’s syndrome is a memory disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine, or vitamin B1, in the body. It is usually characterized by amnesia, disorientation, apathy, and confabulation – a condition in which a person reports events that never happened. Korsakoff’s syndrome is commonly associated with prolonged alcohol misuse. Effects of Thiamine Deficiency on the Body Thiamine is critical to the health of living organisms. It serves as a  cofactor  for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.  These  enzymes  help produce chemicals needed for generating important  molecules  for the body, such as those that help give cells energy and others that are crucial to building protein. Thus, a lack of thiamine can interfere with many of the body’s processes and lead to  cellular death. Although thiamine is essential for the body, the body does not produce thiamine on its own, and only stores a small amount of thiamine (about 30 mg) at one time. The body can deplete this small store of thiamine in only a few weeks if thiamine is not ingested. When combined with alcohol misuse, thiamine deficiency can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb and transport additional amounts of thiamine. For example, liver damage can reduce how much thiamine can be stored in the body. Furthermore, the transport of thiamine through several parts of the body, like the  blood-brain barrier, can be impaired. These sites would then require even more thiamine to function normally. Neuropsychology of Korsakoffs Syndrome Thiamine deficiency affects several brain regions involved in  episodic memory. These areas, which include structures in the  limbic system  such as the  hippocampus, are responsible for the coding, storage, and retrieval of memories related to specific events. Other memory systems can also be affected by thiamine deficiency,  including autobiographical memory, which combines memories of personal experiences (episodic memory) with general knowledge about the world (autobiographical knowledge). Another area that can be damaged is implicit learning, which is the knowledge that one learns without being aware of it, like the motor skills involved in riding a bike. Though researchers have emphasized the role of memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome, its symptoms often include impairments in executive functions, like reasoning and speech, which are associated with the  frontal lobes  of the brain. For example, confabulation – which is a main characteristic of the syndrome – may involve both memory and the frontal lobes. This has led some researchers to postulate that neurotoxicity resulting from alcohol would primarily affect the frontal lobes of the brain, and occur alongside thiamine deficiency, which affects memory – though this hypothesis has been debated. Causes of Korsakoffs Syndrome Though Korsakoff’s syndrome is commonly associated with alcohol misuse, the condition is not necessarily caused by alcohol. Other causes of Korsakoff’s syndrome include poor nutrition, anorexia, and surgical procedures that are performed to induce weight loss – which can lead to a deficiency of thiamine in the body. TheWet Brain â€Å"Wet brain,† or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, describes individuals who develop both Korsakoff’s syndrome and Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to  alcohol misuse. In cases of wet brain, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, which is characterized by imbalance, confusion, and double vision, occurs  first. Wernicke’s encephalopathy occurs suddenly but its symptoms are often reversible with thiamine treatments. Korsakoff’s syndrome occurs more slowly, and its symptoms are typically irreversible. Around 85 percent of individuals with Wernicke’s encephalopathy develop Korsakoff’s syndrome. Theoretical Explanations There are two distinct theoretical explanations for Korsakoffs syndrome: the continuity hypothesis and the dual-process model. The continuity hypothesis for Korsakoff’s syndrome states that there is a continuum of increasingly worsening cognitive and neurophysiological symptoms, such as memory loss, that can result from alcohol misuse. This continuum extends from individuals who are dependent on alcohol but do not have any complications to those with Korsakoff syndrome. This suggests that Korsakoff’s syndrome is a more severe consequence of alcohol dependence, though worse conditions do not necessarily correlate to a more pronounced drinking history. However, studies testing the continuity hypothesis have mostly focused on memory, with little evidence for other impairments that are also observed in Korsakoff’s syndrome. The dual-process model states that cognitive processes like decision-making utilize one of two systems: the â€Å"reflective system,† in which an individual deliberates a decision before making one, and the â€Å"automatic-affective system,† in which someone impulsively acts. The reflective system is associated with the prefrontal lobes, while the automatic-affective system mostly concerns the limbic system. Normally, these two systems work together to ensure that someone is making coherent decisions. However, this balance may be disrupted in someone who is addicted to alcohol. They have a more active automatic-affective system, which leads to more impulsive behavior, and a less active reflective system, which means those impulsive behaviors are less likely to be inhibited. Though this model may be of relevance to Korsakoff’s syndrome, it has mostly been tested on people who have recently recovered from an alcohol addiction and do not have Korsakoff’s syndrome. The model should be validated through further study. Korsakoffs Syndrome Key Takeaways Korsakoff’s syndrome, which is commonly associated with the misuse of alcohol, is a long-term consequence of thiamine deficiency. Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is an essential vitamin for the body to function.The syndrome is mostly characterized by deficits in memory, though it affects other functions of the brain as well.Models have been postulated to explain Korsakoff’s syndrome, but the models still require further study. Sources â€Å"Autobiographical memory.† In Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference, 2008, pp. 893-909.Brion, M., D’Hondt, F., Davidoff, D., and Maurage, P. â€Å"Beyond cognition: Understanding affective impairments in Korsakoff syndrome.† Emotion Review, vol. 8, no. 4, 2016, pp. 376-384.Brion, M., Pitel, A., Beaunieux, H., and Maurage, P. â€Å"Revisiting the continuum hypothesis: toward an in-depth exploration of executive functions in Korsakoff syndrome.† Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 8, 2014.Cornell University. â€Å"Thiamine biochemistry.†Martin, P., Singleton, C., and Hiller-Sturmhà ¶fel, S. â€Å"The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease.†McCormick, L., Buchanan, J., Onwuameze, O., Pierson, R., and Paradiso, S. â€Å"Beyond alcoholism: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in patients with psychiatric disorders.† Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 24, no. 4, 2011, pp. 209-216Thomson, A., Guerrini, I., and Ma rshall, E. â€Å"The evolution and treatment of Korsakoff’s syndrome.† Neuropsychology Review, vol. 22, no. 2, 2012, pp. 81-92.

Eastern Coral Snake Facts

Eastern Coral Snake Facts The eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius) is a highly venomous snake found in the southeastern United States. Eastern coral snakes are brightly colored with rings of red, black, and yellow scales. Folk rhymes to remember the difference between the coral snake and the nonvenomous king snake (Lampropeltis  sp.) include red on yellow kills a fellow, red on black venom lack and red touching black, friend of Jack; red touching yellow, youre a dead fellow. However, these mnemonics are unreliable because of differences between individual snakes and because other species of coral snakes do have adjoining red and black bands. Fast Facts: Eastern Coral Snake Scientific Name: Micrurus fulviusCommon Names: Eastern coral snake, common coral snake, American cobra, harlequin coral snake, thunder-and-lightning snakeBasic Animal Group: ReptileSize: 18-30 inchesLifespan: 7 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Southeastern United StatesPopulation: 100,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description Coral snakes are related to cobras, sea snakes, and mambas (family Elapidae). Like these snakes, they have round pupils and lack heat-sensing pits. Coral snakes have small, fixed fangs. The eastern coral snake is medium-sized and slender, generally ranging between 18 and 30 inches in length. The longest reported specimen was 48 inches. Mature females are longer than males, but males have longer tails. The snakes have smooth dorsal scales in a colored ring pattern of wide red and black rings separated by narrow yellow rings. Eastern coral snakes always have black heads. The narrow heads are nearly indistinguishable from the tails. Habitat and Distribution The eastern coral snake lives in the United States from coastal North Carolina to the tip of Florida and west into eastern Louisiana. The snakes prefer the coastal plains, but also inhabit wooded areas further inland that are subject to seasonal flooding. A few snakes have been documented as far north as Kentucky. Also, there is controversy regarding whether the Texas coral snake (which extends into Mexico) is the same species as the eastern coral snake. Coral snake species and range in the United States. HowardMorland, public domain Diet and Behavior Eastern coral snakes are carnivores that prey upon frogs, lizards, and snakes (including other coral snakes). The snakes spend most of their time underground, usually venturing out to hunt in the cooler dawn and dusk hours. When a coral snake is threatened, it elevates and curls the tip of its tail and may fart, releasing gas from its cloaca to startle potential predators. The species is not aggressive. Reproduction and Offspring Because the species is so secretive, relatively little is known about coral snake reproduction. Eastern coral snake females lay between 3 and 12 eggs in June that hatch in September. The young range from 7 to 9 inches at birth and are venomous. The life expectancy of wild coral snakes is unknown, but the animal lives about 7 years in captivity. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies eastern coral snake conservation status as least concern. A 2004 survey estimated the adult population at 100,000 snakes. Researchers believe the population is stable or perhaps slowly declining. Threats include motor vehicles, habitat loss and degradation from residential and commercial development, and issues with invasive species. For example, coral snake numbers declined in Alabama when the fire ant was introduced and preyed upon eggs and young snakes. Venom and Bites The Mexican kingsnake is a nonvenomous snake that resembles the eastern coral snake. Paul Starosta, Getty Images Coral snake venom is a potent neurotoxin. A single snake has enough venom to kill five adults, but the snake cannot deliver all of its venom at once plus envenomation only occurs in about 40% of bites. Even then, bites and fatalities are extremely rare. The most common cause of snakebite comes from mistaking a coral snake for a similarly-colored nonvenomous snake. Only one death has been reported since the antivenin became available in the 1960s (in 2006, confirmed in 2009). Since then, coral snake antivenin production has been discontinued due to lack of profitability. An eastern coral snake bite may be painless. Symptoms develop between 2 and 13 hours after the bite and include progressive weakness, facial nerve palsy, and respiratory failure. Since antivenin is no longer available, treatment consists of respiratory support, wound care, and antibiotic administration to prevent infection. Pets are more likely than humans to get bitten by coral snakes. They often survive if given prompt veterinary care. Sources Campbell, Jonathan A.; Lamar, William W. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates (2004). ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.Davidson, Terence M. and Jessica Eisner. United States Coral Snakes. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 1,38-45 (1996).Derene, Glenn. Why Snakebites Are About to Get a Lot More Deadly. Popular Mechanics (May 10, 2010).Hammerson, G.A. Micrurus fulvius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64025A12737582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64025A12737582.enNorris, Robert L.; Pfalzgraf, Robert R.; Laing, Gavin. Death following coral snake bite in the United States – First documented case (with ELISA confirmation of envenomation) in over 40 years. Toxicon. 53 (6): 693–697 (March 2009). doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.032

Plagiarism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plagiarism - Research Paper Example search is just but a patched art-work with little added value of originality; a definitive scenario that chops off a part of plagiarism controlled sphere into acceptance. Plagiarism occupies a peculiar ethical space in the field of academia. By definition, it refers to a deliberate appropriation and subsequent presentation of non-original ideas/discoveries as one’s own (â€Å"What is plagiarism,†2013). In fact, the University of Kent like many other institutions went elaborate with their definition to include class copying from colleagues (â€Å"What is plagiarism,† 2013, par 1). In the last several years, cases of plagiarism have grown in leaps and bounds, all courtesy of a ubiquitous digitization, whose adoption seems inevitable. The almost limitless access of information on nearly every conceivable topic online has even raised the suspicion among teachers as to whether their efforts in developing students’ critical thinking abilities really bear fruits. A study by Rutgers University in 2003 confirmed a risen prevalent rate of copy-pasting of materials from the Internet without proper citations that acknowledges the sources from across section of students and even the teaching assistants in the United States (Beasley, 2004). Historically, the primary forum to combating plagiarism has been the educational institutions through their honor code programs. In almost all learning institutions, with few exceptions, plagiarism is an unacceptable offence strictly prohibited with heavy penalties. Such institutions have embraced a number of good academic practices, which includes paraphrasing and ethical copying (Gardner, 1999). Though written in own word, information gleaned from other sources should not only have the authors, but show a thorough understanding through point-explanations in addition to own comments. Such a show of knowledge and understanding goes beyond mere display of another person work through memorization and subsequent repetition. One can also

Psychology life span develpement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychology life span develpement - Essay Example These two principals are the real and operation. Real intelligence entails things that are being defined and also inquired the true nature. On the other hand, operational intelligence is computable. There are several theories of intelligence that have been there to try and explain and measure how smart one can be. A majority of intelligence theories have been criticized over time thus causing them to either withstand this criticism or failing to work by lack of basis to substantiate their viability over time. The different types of intelligent theories that exist contradict with each other or with at least one earlier theory. This is evident in the sense that they tend to own different assumption and perspective when it comes to each thinking approach. The first theory of intelligence is the Faculty theory. This theory has been listed as the oldest in terms of its nature of intelligence. In addition, this theory flourished in the 18th and 19th century (Tugoy, 2003). This theory reaso ns that mind is made up of diverse faculties which are memory, imagination, reasoning, and discrimination. Despite the fact that this faculties are independent of each other, with vigorous training this faculties can or may develop. However this theory has been under pressure of criticism by psychologists who object that the brain has independent faculties. Another theory of intelligence is one factor or UNI factor theory. This theory moderates all abilities into a single one of either common sense or general intelligence. This theory tries to suggest how all abilities are perfectly linked and therefore not allowing for any room for the uneven individuals (Sternberg, 2000). This theory lacks credibility as it tends to go against the notion that every person has his or her own abilities that are distinct to that of another person and thus making every individual to shine differently in all aspects of life. English Psychologist Charles Spearman developed Spearman’s two-factor t heory in 1904. He suggested that two factors comprise the intellectual abilities of each person. One of these factors is the common ability or general ability, which is also known as ‘G’ factor. The second factor is a group of specific abilities also referred to as the ‘S’ factor. The ‘G’ factor is an inborn skill which leads to a fruitful life of an individual whereas, the ’S’ factor is unique factor that is developed from the surroundings. In addition, these factors are distinct from each other in an individual level. The list of theories of intelligence is long and more theories continue to emerge as time goes on. So far, two factor theory of Spearman is the best. This theory involves two factors as its name implies. These factors are general factors and the specific factors. This theory is free from much criticism because it is reasonable in its details. It is true when one says that success is earned through effort and accord ing to this theory success in any field very much depends on specific factor which is essentially learned. In addition, every individual is features are different from the other in their own unique way. This theory tries to expound on that subject and explains that every individual is distinct in his or her mental performance and one can never be perfect in all that he or she does. For example a person who excels in English might be poor in mathematics or sciences. In this context, I believe that this theory of intelli

Data Communications Essay Example for Free

Data Communications Essay Repairs by Return is a successful company and offers a repair service for various electrical appliances including washing machines, dishwashers etc. The business is expanding, meaning taking on additional engineers who might need on-the-job training. The aim of our group is to advise the owner of Repairs by Return on the new technology and research on how well the technology can make the company more efficient and the communication between the staff and owner better. We will also recommend an appropriate solution. ` MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES Mobile tools and technologies have the capacity facilitate communication, keep employees informed in real-time and reduce hours once spent bound to a desk. However, along with the liberating aspects of an increasingly versatile workplace, mobility presents challenges for todays workers. Below are short descriptions of mobile technologies currently available. SMS Short Message Service (SMS) is a service available on most digital mobile phones that allows the sending of short messages, also known as text messages, or more commonly as SMS, texts or even txts) between mobile phones, other handheld devices and even landline telephones. Messages must be no longer than 160 alpha-numeric characters and contain no images or graphics. Picture Messaging Picture Messaging is a service, which allows users to send and receive messages that combine pictures with text and sounds from their phones. WAP Wireless Application Protocol is an open international standard for applications that use wireless communication allowing users to access information instantly via handheld wireless device e.g. internet access from a mobile phone, smart phones, two way radios etc. MMS Multimedia Message Service is the evolution of SMS. With MMS, a mobile device is no longer restricted to text-only messages. It can send and receive multimedia messages such as graphics, sound files, video clips or any combination of the above, within certain size limits. GPRS General Packet Radio Service is a protocol for passing data over a mobile phone network. With GPRS connection, the phone is always on and can transfer data immediately, and at higher speeds. 3G 3G is the generic term for third generation mobile phone technologies. It offers high speed connections enabling video conference and other applications which require broadband connectivity to the Internet. PDA Personal Digital Assistants are handheld devices that combine computing, telephone/fax, Internet and networking features. Originally designed as personal organisers but have now become much more versatile over the years. FEASIBILITY STUDY The feasibility study is aimed at viewing the ideas given to us by the owner and assessing whether they will help the company communicate effectively. We will also look at the limitations of the ideas. * Apprentice engineers asking for help silently to senior engineers GPRS allows instant connectivity (as long as there is radio coverage), meaning information can be sent/received immediately. Engineers can take picture(s) of the problem they cannot fix, write a little note with it, send it as an MMS to senior engineers, and receive an immediate reply without the customers realising. The problem with this will be that the engineer on the other side might be with a client and therefore, will not be able to reply immediately. Another problem could be that the reply received from the engineer may be inaccurate and unclear. Drawback of GPRS is the limited bandwidth and is particularly suited for sending and receiving small bursts of data. So when engineers do send pictures, the size of the message and picture will be limited. * Web access to manuals and diagrams GPRS also aims to deliver remote access type applications via a mobile network for businesses including data uploads and synchronisation, document sharing and collaboration, email and web browsing. Ideally, a wide variety of information can be delivered via a mobile device, overcoming the 160 character limitations of SMS. It is usually impossible to directly port a desktop application to a wireless to a handheld device; therefore, directly access most websites using a handheld device is difficult. Another problem the engineers might face is that typing on a cell phones tiny keys can be difficult and time consuming and the size of the screen is limited too. This could be a problem when an engineer is trying to download diagrams, as there will be problems with its clarity. * FAQs facility stored on mobiles One of the drawbacks on using GPRS is that it has slow data transfer rates. Although rates of 115 kbs (or more) have been quoted, the realistic speeds are 20 to 30 kbs can be expected. Applications can be used in a shared environment, and data sharing is made easier effectively like being connected to a Local Area Network (LAN). An important functionality of PDAs is the possibility of synchronising data with a contact database, such as MS Outlook hosted on corporate servers or a personal computer. The synchronised data ensures that the PDA has an accurate list of contacts, appointments and email. Critical to shared data access, synchronisation allows multiple clients to access, edit, and remove data records that a particular group of users may regularly use. As well as that, data input is a lot quicker on a personal computer. Therefore, transferring data to a PDA via the computer is a lot quicker than having to manually input it all on the handheld device. POTENTIAL USEFULNESS OF COMBINED MOBILE PHONES/PDAS, IN THE CONTEXT OF THIS BUSINESS We will now discuss the benefits of mobilisation to the business. * PDA from for capturing progress made A form can be created for the use on the PDA which will enable the engineers to capture progress while they are with clients, which could then be distributed over the network, noting the problems that they could not fix or if any additional parts are required. Each time the engineer collects heir PDA, it is pre-loaded with weeks progress form. Once the form is completed, the engineer can synchronise it when they get back to the office or using GPRS whilst out with the clients. The data can then be fed into a progress database, collecting the data from all the engineers. This will enable you to generate a project progress report automatically. The potential usefulness with mobile phones and PDA There are various other ways the business can use the technology to help their staff. As the workers are apprentices, they can use the technology by using i.e. the intranet to access the help guide. This is a good idea as the staff can learn while on duty and in their free time. It is also a good cost saver as they will not need to pay for a teacher and a class room, and it is also less time consuming. The PDA or some mobiles phones have a satellite navigation system built in to help the staff if they are travelling to any location which they have difficulty finding. It will give them clear directions and pinpoint the location to save time. RECOMMENDATIONS Having considered the ideas that have been brought forward by you, the technology would help to build a better relationship with the staff and also improved customer service. Before purchasing new technology, Repairs by Return will need to invest in training the staff to use the hand held device. We recommend using a mobile phone called the Treo 650 Smart phone; this is a combined technology of some of the features of a PDA and also most of the features of a mobile phone. Of the three ideas, we think that the best idea would be having a server or the intranet to access the manuals and diagrams from the mobile phone. This will give the staff the knowledge to solve any problems and also gives some secrecy as the customer will not realise that the engineer is asking for help. The idea of using the mobile phone to contact other experienced engineers is a good idea but may distract the other staff that may also be with a customer. The idea of having a FAQ database maybe a bad idea as the staff may not always find the most accurate answers to there questions. The database will have answers of the problems that have arose in the past but may not have new problems, this will mean that the information would have to be updated frequently so that it is up to date. The information will have to be stored so will take up the hard drive space which the staff may need to use for other information. This will mean that the business would need to purchase higher mega byte memory cards. This is an additional cost for the business. The intranet would be a good idea as the all the information is there; you do not need to store the information as it is on the intranet saving memory space. Although the information maybe hard to find as the staff would need to go through the manual to find what they are looking for. The technology of the smart phone will help the staff as the phone has the features of browser to search for any words or phrases on the web to located information much faster and have less time consumed looking through the whole manual. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS USED 1) Panko. R., Business Data Communications and Networking, Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition (2000) WEBSITES USED 1) http://www.voiceanddata.com.au/feature_article/item_022003a.asp 2) http://www.palm.com/us/products/smartphones/treo650/web.epl 3) http://web.ukonline.co.uk/p.boughton/wap.htm 4) http://www.my-xda.com/xda2_closer.html 5) http://www.reviewcentre.com/reviews90293.html GROUP LOG Group Names * 21 February 2006 ALLOCATION OF GROUPS 1) Manik Maih 2) Bijal Pandit 3) Ime Udoh All members exchanged phone numbers and e-mail addresses. We allocated tasks and said that we should research on mobile phones and PDA. Time allocated for research only Manik Miah 7 days Bijal Pandit 7 days Ime Udoh 7 days * 28 February 2006 All the group members conducted sufficient research needed to write the report, within the time given. There were plenty of books and internet print outs. All members looked and read through the research found and divided into files. We divided 3 ideas between us. Manik idea 1 Bijal idea 2 Ime idea 3 We then allocated the tasks of the report and the internet website. Bijal Part 1 and 2 Manik Part 3 and 4 Ime website, contents page, group log We met up every 3 days to check the progress of the report and to help any group members that are having difficulties. * 7 March 2006 All group members attended, and arrived on time. At this stage majority of the work was completed. Each member rotated the work around to ensure there were no more mistakes. We all contributed equally and suggested that the work was fine and additional work that needs to be done should. * 13 March 2006 The group had finished off all there tasks and got together to check over all the work. We then edited the website. Once the final touches were made, we printed out the work. GROUP AGREEMENT 4BIM504 Data Communications We, the undersigned members of this group, undertake to be bound by the following agreement: 1. to attend all group meetings on time, except when agreed by other group members in advance, or where a documented excuse is provided 2. to be well prepared for each meeting, ensuring that all relevant material is adequately researched and presented 3. to be actively involved in the work of the group, by contributing to the best of our abilities 4. to participate in the editing and preparation of the final report We agree that if a group member breaches these undertakings, then the group has the right to recommend a reduced mark for the individual concerned of up to 30% below the group grade. In this eventuality the group would submit reasons in writing to the seminar leader. We accept that the seminar tutor may require further information before making any penalty mark adjustments. We accept that the seminar tutors decision is final in these matters.

NAFTA :: essays research papers

The United States signed an agreement with all the North American countries. [The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)] This gave the U.S. the right to place their large factories in other countries, one of them, Mexico. It also gave them the right to obviously trade their products freely. So after the agreement was signed, the corporations went ahead and built their factories exclusively in depressing little â€Å"dictatorships† like Mexico. Where collective bargaining and governmental concern for anything other than the next opportunity to better up are nonexistent. Mexican/American factories continue to spew toxic filth into tributaries of the Rio Grande lined with squalid shacks housing of their underpaid employees. Many people concerned for the care of the environment think that in the absence of NAFTA, the amount of hazardous waste from Mexico would simply stop. The problem is the increasing industrial activity in the border area, with associated growth in the generation of hazardous waste. The damage to the environment and public health caused by illegal dumping of hazardous waste along the United States/Mexico border has increased. The increase in border industrial activity has led to an increase in the creation of hazardous waste, with data showing an increase in hazardous waste production since January 1994. Much waste still simply is washed down the drain. And only 70 of the 352 industries generating hazardous wastes reported proper disposal. Which I personally think is astonishing. And according to a 1995 report, one quarter of the hazardous waste from the â€Å"maquiladora† zone, approximately 44 tons daily, has an unknown end. Each year, seven million tons of toxic wastes are, without control, illegally dumped in drains and marine waters. Only one percent is under surveillance in the country, the inspection of the maquiladora industry is virtually non-existent which is a great environmental problem for Mexico. But like anyone cares. This industry both ben efits the Mexican and U.S. government. But soon both Texan and Mexican people will urge to put a moral stop to this because it causes birth defects in local areas. The incidences of neural tube birth defects have not improved since NAFTA took effect in 1994, and may actually be increasing. In December 1994 through February 1995, three cases were reported, one per month.

Jet Blue Leadership

David Neeleman, founder of JetBlue airline, garnered support for his new airline in part using inspirational appeals directed at investors and politicians, as well as potential partners. He managed to convince skeptics that he could make his idea of a low cost airline work. Some say Neeleman was successful by â€Å"sheer force of his personality† (Kreitner, 2005, p. 378). Neeleman’s primary power base of reference as can be seen in the way airline employees view him. Tom Krizek, JetBlue pilot, said, â€Å"I would walk through a burning building for him† (Salter, 2004  ¶1). Surprisingly, this was said after meeting Neeleman only a few hours before. Neeleman has more than just the power of his personality, though. His experience and knowledge of the airline industry was useful when it came to recruiting top employees to JetBlue, as an expert in the airline industry, â€Å"his track record served him well† (Kreitner, 2005, p. 379). Using Daniel Goleman’s concept of emotional intelligence (EQ), Neeleman has shown that he has the ability to manage his emotions and behaviors, indicating a high EQ. Neeleman expects to succeed, handles setbacks with ease, and looks at issues with an original perspective. His ability to relate to everyone from baggage handlers to key investors and charm them all is a reflection of his ability to manage relationships and social interaction. Neeleman admits he has an attention deficit disorder, and uses this knowledge to his advantage. This self-awareness and ability to manage his weaknesses has been an important factor in Neeleman’s continued success. Neeleman’s leadership style closest resembles the team management style described by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton (Kreitner, 2005). This emphasis on people is apparent in the daily interactions he has with the employees of JetBlue. Neeleman says,† I want them to know that I value what they do† (Salter, 2004, p. 3). This balance of high concern for both profitability and the people within the organization has created an atmosphere of respect and trust (Kreitner, 2005). James McGregor Burns says that a transformational leader is a â€Å"master of change† (Kreitner, 2005). This description certainly might be applied to David Neeleman. Neeleman, who has successfully started three airlines, see opportunity that others miss. Another characteristic of a transformational leader seen in Neeleman is charisma. Neal Moszkowski, board member of JetBlue, says, â€Å"His presence, coupled with the strength of his team, was staggering† (as cited by Kreitner, 2005, p. 380). Neeleman also has characteristics of a servant leader, as seen in his ability to communicate his vision, encourage trust, and his faith in his own insight and inspiration (Kreitner, 2005). He believes that the â€Å"best bosses practice servant leadership; helping others do their jobs better† (Salter, 2004, p. 2). Neeleman has been successful in turning his ideas into a profitable airline. Although he is no longer with JetBlue, I believe Neeleman’s leadership ability and innovative thinking will give him opportunity for success in anything he decides to do. Neeleman has strength of character that is evident in the way he conducts himself. His focus on customer service and his relationship with his employees demonstrate his social and professional abilities. While at JetBlue, Neeleman would pitch in with the flight crew, â€Å"working alongside them, creating the JetBlue experience: great service that fosters loyal customers† (Salter, 2004). His idea of loyal customers has helped the airline find success where others have failed. JetBlue's customers can be fanatical in their devotion to the airline† (Brer, 2010), and this devotion has kept JetBlue flying high. References Brer, J. (2010, March 12). Airline Stocks Cruising Upward After Two Turbulent Years. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from http://www. dailyfinance. com/story/investing/airline-stocks-cruis ing-upward-after-two-turbulent-years/19394820/ Kreitner, R. (2005). Foundations of management. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Salter, C. (2004, May 1). And now the hard part. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from http://www. fastcompany. com/magazine/82/jetblue. html? page=0,5

Best Convention Venue in Singapore

Being the main convention venue in Singapore, the Sands Expo and Convention Center has held more than 700 events in its first year of opening. With its construction, the Sands is a turning point in Singapore’s MICE industry. While the Singaporean government heavily positions the destination to be a tourism and event hub, thanks to this concrete stepping stone, Singapore has successfully climbed up the ranks to second on the â€Å"Top international meeting countries† list according to UIA (2010). With this honor, Marina Bay Sands is definitely an important attraction that could not be missed. Secret of Marina Bay Sands: perfect locationAs the biggest MICE facility in Singapore, the Sands Expo and Convention Center locates only approximately 20 minutes from the Changi International Airport and 10 minutes from the city center, which makes good connectivity to be one of its strengths. As location is a crucial determinant to whether a convention center can be successful or n ot, proximity to city center and airport give valid reasons for the Sands to be one of the best locations for convention. Diversified infrastructure adds value to the convention center What impress me the most are the infrastructure and environmental elements in the Marina Bay Sands complex.To be a successful convention center, these two elements serve as other crucial determinants and the Sands Expo and Convention Center has fully displayed its strength in these aspects. While the convention center locates within the complex of Marina Bay Sands, on the way to Marina Bay Sands, one would pass one of the most historical accommodations in Singapore – the Fullerton. The historical feeling starts a wonderful journey into the Marina Bay Sands. Not to mention the iconic landmark of the three-tower design with a ship on top of the Sands Hotel and the lotus-like ArtScience Museum which adds ultural essence to the area, the SkyPark on top of the 57 storey-high building is another magn ificent location for special events. Imagine hosting a cocktail party after a long day of convention located directly opposite to the complex of hotel building, the SkyGarden gives delegates a chance to embrace a panorama view of the whole city of Singapore. This sensational experience would surely impresses and stays in the hearts of every delegate. The Sands also satisfy the green conscious new generation by surrounded by lots of green trees and grassland, the sustainable greenery also steps from the whole image of Singapore.While Marina Bay Sands provides stunning views of the water, first class attractions, relaxed atmosphere, tasteful accommodation and a state-of-art convention center, what more can we ask for? The Sands Expo and Convention Center has strategically located in a perfect area of Singapore and with its outstanding design and comprehensive infrastructure, it has all the things MICE development is looking for, no wonder Singapore could be the â€Å"Top Internationa l meeting City† (UFI, 2011). I would be very proud if Hong Kong could develop such mega integrated resort combined with attractions, hotels and landmark.

Free Essays on HP And Snapfish

Critical Thinking Hewlett Packard & Snapfish Summary Hewlett Packard has announced on Monday, March 21, 2005, that it is acquiring Snapfish, an Internet photo one stop shop. There is a large growing market of online photo service and management, and Hewlett Packard has decided to penetrate the demand for such a service. Many might think that obtaining an online picture printing company would be contradictory for Hewlett Packard because they do manufacture traditional picture printers. However, the difference between Hewlett Packard and Snapfish is that HP produces conventional picture printers and ink, while Snapfish handles contemporary online photo storage, photo editing, and photo products. There are also different price schematics and options available for consumers now with the combination of these two great companies, which definitely may have a positive impact on everyone. Chapter 2: Strategies and Gaining Competitive Advantage The acquisition is certainly a great strategic move especially after the acquisition of Flickr Inc. by Yahoo. Yahoo also wanted to extend their territory and infiltrate the online picture service with Flickr, but I personally believe the Snapfish acquisition is going to be much more effective. Hewlett Packard will achieve a strategic advantage at this point due to the fact that no other company has even attempted to take the online picture market global. Yahoo’s acquisition of Flickr will definitely not expand completely global as of yet, therefore Hewlett Packard has a leading edge. The idea of globalizing the online picture service market, giving consumers more choices based on mood and convenience, providing a spectrum of prices, and offering different services will also certainly give Hewlett Packard a competitive advantage. There are eight basic ideas that can be used to achieve a competitive advantage; reducing costs, raising barriers to market entrants, establishin g high switchi... Free Essays on HP And Snapfish Free Essays on HP And Snapfish Critical Thinking Hewlett Packard & Snapfish Summary Hewlett Packard has announced on Monday, March 21, 2005, that it is acquiring Snapfish, an Internet photo one stop shop. There is a large growing market of online photo service and management, and Hewlett Packard has decided to penetrate the demand for such a service. Many might think that obtaining an online picture printing company would be contradictory for Hewlett Packard because they do manufacture traditional picture printers. However, the difference between Hewlett Packard and Snapfish is that HP produces conventional picture printers and ink, while Snapfish handles contemporary online photo storage, photo editing, and photo products. There are also different price schematics and options available for consumers now with the combination of these two great companies, which definitely may have a positive impact on everyone. Chapter 2: Strategies and Gaining Competitive Advantage The acquisition is certainly a great strategic move especially after the acquisition of Flickr Inc. by Yahoo. Yahoo also wanted to extend their territory and infiltrate the online picture service with Flickr, but I personally believe the Snapfish acquisition is going to be much more effective. Hewlett Packard will achieve a strategic advantage at this point due to the fact that no other company has even attempted to take the online picture market global. Yahoo’s acquisition of Flickr will definitely not expand completely global as of yet, therefore Hewlett Packard has a leading edge. The idea of globalizing the online picture service market, giving consumers more choices based on mood and convenience, providing a spectrum of prices, and offering different services will also certainly give Hewlett Packard a competitive advantage. There are eight basic ideas that can be used to achieve a competitive advantage; reducing costs, raising barriers to market entrants, establishin g high switchi...